Pre-infarction condition. Symptoms in elderly and young women, signs, treatment

Pathogenesis

The prodromal period, a precursor to the development of myocardial infarction, lasts from several minutes to several days, and various symptoms can occur at different periods separately. The absence of trophism, its deterioration due to impaired blood flow due to narrowing ( stenosis ) or blockage of the coronary vessels lead to ischemia and tissue necrosis, ventricular fibrillation. As a result, acute coronary insufficiency , provoked by a violation of oxidative processes in the myocardium, in addition, there is an excessive accumulation of under-oxidized metabolic products, including lactic, pyruvic, carbonic, phosphoric acid, etc.

A heart attack can even begin suddenly, for no apparent reason - exercise or stress.
It does not go away even after rest; the patient still experiences compressive pain in the chest. This condition can lead to loss of consciousness and even cardiac arrest.

How to remove the first manifestations

If the diagnosis of angina is beyond doubt, then start with the use of Nitroglycerin - one tablet under the tongue.

You should immediately take an Aspirin tablet at the same time. If after 15 minutes there is no result, then this combination of medications should be repeated.

When heart pain occurs for an unknown reason, then the first aid remedy may be Validol or Corvalol, and if ineffective, the first option (Nitroglycerin and Aspirin) is recommended.

The patient must take a semi-sitting position, he is provided with complete rest, silence, and an influx of fresh air. An ambulance must be called if, after taking medications, it does not improve or severe weakness persists.

Causes

The occurrence of a pre-infarction state is facilitated by:

• general disorders of the circulatory system caused by heart failure , which lead to blood stagnation, accumulation of large amounts of carbon dioxide, tissue hypoxia, acidosis, changes in blood pressure , heart rate;
• atherosclerosis of the arteries and other diseases that cause thickening of the intima of the arteries;
• embolism - blockage of blood vessels by gas bubbles or foreign particles - emboli, which are brought with the bloodstream;
• thrombosis - disruption of normal blood flow formed by blood clots;
• arterial spasms - pathological narrowings caused by excessively intense or prolonged muscle contractions;
• arteritis – inflammation of the artery walls due to infections or autoimmune reactions;
• heart injuries - most often blunt, lead to contusion of the myocardial muscles, rupture of the heart chambers and septa, damage to the valves;
• violation of the rheological properties of blood, for example, increased viscosity and aggregation of red blood cells;
• hyperlipoproteinemia - an increase in the concentration of lipids and lipoproteins in the bloodstream, a common cause of problems with the cardiovascular system;
• hypertension leads to constant tension of the vascular walls, which can cause their thickening, impaired elasticity and trophism;
• hypothermia;
• overdose of medications.

Possible causes of pre-infarction condition

Treatment methods

A pre-infarction condition (symptoms in women that arise from this problem indicate a deterioration in cardiac circulation and the presence of vascular spasm) requires the fairer sex to be at rest and take various medications or other means to protect the heart muscle and the entire body as a whole.

The main points in providing first aid in case of a heart attack are:

1. Transfer the patient to a horizontal position. Moreover, the body must be positioned in such a way that it is in a semi-sitting position.
2. Provide a flow of fresh air (open a window or door, free your neck from clothes that are restricting it).
3. Do not allow the victim to get up and move, as this may provoke the development of an acute heart attack.
4. Before medical workers arrive, take blood pressure measurements and monitor your pulse.

Traditional methods

One of the most powerful natural ingredients is garlic. The substances it contains suppress the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels and reduce the likelihood of blood clots. It is not recommended to consume more than 2 cloves of garlic per day.

One of the recipes for the infusion of this natural blood and blood vessel purifier is as follows:

1. Cut 2 cloves of garlic into small, thin pieces and pour a glass of water overnight.
2. Let the mixture sit for 12 hours.
3. In the morning, drink the resulting product.

The course of admission is 1 month.

Herbal infusion

To obtain a decoction, you need to take equal proportions of white willow bark, fennel, valerian, clover, immortelle, wild rosemary, cucumber and motherwort.

Instructions:

1. All this should be mixed thoroughly, and then brewed at the rate of 1 tbsp. mixture for 1 tbsp. boiling water
2. Let the mixture brew for 6 hours. P
3. Take a quarter glass 4 times a day for a month.

Birch buds

Birch buds are good because they have the ability to cleanse the blood and blood vessels of toxins, remove excess fluid from the body and accelerate the process of cell regeneration.

To maintain the human cardiovascular system, it is worth preparing a decoction of birch tree buds:

1. To do this, take 10 g of fruit and pour one glass of boiling water.
2. After which the mixture is boiled for a quarter of an hour. And then the resulting broth is cooled and strained.
3. The tincture should be taken between meals, 120 ml for a month.

There is also a version of birch bud tincture:

1. To do this, take 1 tbsp. kidneys and add 0.5 liters of alcohol, after which the resulting product is sent to a dark place for 2 weeks.
2. It is important to shake the mixture daily.
3. Take the tincture 2-3 times a day, 15 ml for 1 month.

Mumiyo can confidently be considered another gift of nature. This natural product helps improve myocardial nutrition and optimizes heart rhythm.

Instructions:

1. A 2% solution of mumiyo is taken before meals, starting with 13 drops, gradually increasing the dosage to 40 drops.
2. The course lasts 2 weeks, then take a break of the same duration. All this forms a cycle. A total of 5 cycles are required.

Calming fees

An effective remedy for preventing pre-infarction is a mixture of valerian, lavender, sage, calendula and angelica:

1. This collection in the amount of 120 g is poured into 1 liter of boiling water.
2. The tincture is closed in the container with a tight lid and allowed to cool for 12 hours (it is best to do it at night).
3. In the morning the mixture is filtered.
4. Drink the collection for 2 months, 1/3 tbsp. 2 times a day.

In case of a threat of a heart attack, it is worth paying attention to hawthorn. An infusion of this plant effectively reduces the level of nervous excitability and stabilizes the functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

Preparation:

1. 30 g of crushed hawthorn fruits are poured into 1 tbsp. boiled water.
2. The cooled mixture must be filtered and consumed 200 ml in the morning on an empty stomach immediately after waking up and in the evening before bed.
3. The course is 1 month.

In turn, motherwort can enhance the effect of anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic drugs:

1. Its fruits in the amount of 50 g are steamed with a glass of boiling water and allowed to brew.
2. And after straining, drink 120 ml 3-4 times a day.

Honey snacks

Honey is characterized by its ability to dilate coronary blood vessels, which improves nutrition of the heart muscle.

Recipe 1:

1. Mix dried apricots, honey, walnut kernels and raisins in equal proportions - 100 g of each component.

2. The mixture should be consumed 3 times a day, 1 tbsp.

Recipe 2:

1. 1 kg of chokeberry is ground in a meat grinder and poured in 2 liters of honey.
2. Take 30 g of all this daily.

Medications

Today, there are many different medicinal products that have proven themselves in the treatment of pre-infarction conditions.

Cardiomagnyl

The tablets are intended for the treatment of angina, as well as the prevention of other cardiovascular diseases, even in the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Tablets are taken daily in a dosage of 75-150 mg. The course of treatment is determined by the attending physician. The cost of the drug is from 200 rubles.

Panangin

Tablets that help normalize heart rhythm, help fight heart failure, and also replenish the deficiency of magnesium and potassium ions in the body. Pharmacological development is drunk after meals in the amount of 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. The duration of the course is at least a month, but more precise dates are prescribed by the doctor. The price of tablets is from 130 rubles.

Magnerot

A drug that protects the heart from heart attack, angina, arrhythmia and failure.

Take it 2 tablets 3 times a day for a week, and then 1 tablet 3 times a day. The minimum course is 6 weeks. Price – from 255 rub.

Other methods

The pre-infarction condition obliges:

1. Reduce the level of so-called “bad” cholesterol to less than 100 mg/dl and maintain it constantly.
2. Increase your intake of fruits and vegetables, and reduce the amount of red meat. Also, eat fish more often, which is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids. This diet is desirable for as long as possible.
3. As often as possible, regularly be in the fresh air and walk at a slow pace.
4. Constantly maintain blood pressure no higher than 130/80 mmHg. Art. to reduce the load on blood vessels.

Symptoms of pre-infarction condition

Determining the onset of myocardial infarction is not difficult. It is accompanied by severe and sudden pain in the chest, spreading to the left arm and extending to the back and jaw. In addition, a person may experience:

• a surge of nausea;
• lethargy;
• disturbances in concentration;
• feeling of anxiety;
• increased heart rate;
• dizziness.

A pre-infarction condition can also be determined by the appearance of sticky, cold sweat, shortness of breath, weakness, and anxiety. Signs of dysfunction of the heart muscle appear in the form of heaviness in the chest, strong compression or pressure on the heart area.

Symptoms of pre-infarction in women

In women, signs of a pre-infarction condition are atypical and can only be tingling, difficulty breathing and dizziness.

Unusual symptoms also include abdominal pain, but they can be a symptom of other diseases, so additional examinations are necessary before providing medical assistance.

Symptoms of pre-infarction in men

In men, the signs of a pre-infarction state are usually more pronounced - the patient experiences severe pain in the center of the chest and behind the sternum, severe compression, even burning, and lack of air.

Atypical manifestations may be cyanosis or pallor of the skin, drowsiness or, on the contrary, insomnia , swelling of the lower extremities, and a state of euphoria .

Tests and diagnostics

It is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis with myocardial infarction, as well as monitoring changes in body temperature, ESR, leukocyte formula, ECG (electrocardiogram) and the level of activity of blood enzymes such as creatine phosphokinase, troponin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase .

In addition, pulse oximetry is performed to determine the level of arterial hypoxemia .

Magnetic resonance imaging allows you to determine the characteristics of blood supply and heart function.

Coronography is performed if conservative drug therapy is not effective and the patient is indicated for surgical intervention to solve the problems of narrowing of the arteries that bring blood to the heart.

Consequences for the patient

The further course of coronary heart disease depends on what risk factors for vascular pathology the patient has (age, male gender, hereditary predisposition, smoking, high blood pressure, excess cholesterol in the diet), as well as concomitant diseases.

If timely treatment is started and all causes that can be influenced are eliminated, then long-term stabilization of the condition is possible. An unfavorable prognosis is observed in patients who have:

• myocardial infarction in the past;
• cardiosclerosis;
• age after 55 years;
• multiple disturbances of cardiac blood flow;
• narrowing of the main branch of the left coronary artery;
• severe angina;
• nicotine addiction;
• addiction to alcohol;
• weak reaction to drugs or refusal of treatment.

First aid

If a heart attack is suspected, the patient should be seated and calmed down; a tight tie or shirt should be loosened or removed. Next, you should measure the pressure, if it is elevated, then it is advisable to give a nitroglycerin . You can also use aspirin - 300-600 mg in tablets that should be chewed is enough.

In case of loss of consciousness, cardiopulmonary resuscitation measures must be performed. If you are in a public place, perhaps an institution (airport, cafe) has a portable defibrillator, its use greatly increases the chance of survival.

Prevention

The main way to prevent a heart attack is to give up bad habits and follow a diet. It is important to exclude animal fats, fried, smoked, flour products from the diet and add cereals, fruits, vegetables, and seafood.

Prevention of heart attack

Daily moderate morning exercise will also help prevent heart problems, for example, morning exercises or cycling, walking, adjusting the regime of adequate sleep, work and rest.