Several reasons for the development of low blood pressure in men, symptoms, methods of prevention, treatment and complications

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Normal blood pressure (BP) at rest depends on the age and lifestyle of a person. Blood pressure indicators characterize the work of the heart muscle and the condition of the blood vessels.

High or low blood pressure indicates a disorder in the cardiovascular system or the presence of other diseases. However, in order to cure a disease, it is necessary to fight not the symptom, but the causes of its occurrence. In this article we will tell you why blood pressure levels are steadily increasing and what are the causes of low blood pressure in men.

Normal blood pressure levels are almost the same in men and women

Before we move on to answering the questions - why it increases and what are the causes of low blood pressure in men - let us recall that the blood pressure indicator includes 3 parameters:

• Upper or systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the level of pressure at the moment when the heart contracts;
• lower or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is the minimum pressure in the peripheral blood vessels at the time of relaxation of the heart muscle (myocardium);
• Pulse pressure (PAP) is the difference between the upper and lower pressures, which additionally characterizes the patency and elasticity of blood vessels, the functioning of the myocardium, and the condition of the heart valves.

In addition, you need to remember what indicators in men are considered normal. Blood pressure is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). In order not to clutter the text with this abbreviation, in what follows it will be assumed by default.

What pressure is normal for a person

Blood pressure is an important aspect of human health.
It consists of indicators of upper and lower pressure. The difference between them is pulse pressure. As a rule, all people have different normal blood pressure values. The age and characteristics of the individual organism have a significant influence. But, nevertheless, for an adult, the norm is considered to be: upper - 110-130 ml.Hg, lower - 80-89 ml.Hg, pulse - 20-25 ml.Hg. When the values ​​go beyond these limits, it is a deviation from the norm. In this case, the body gives a reaction expressed in poor health.

There are isolated cases when people have low or, conversely, high blood pressure almost all their lives. At the same time, they feel good.

If pressure surges occur frequently, you should visit the hospital and undergo the necessary tests to determine the cause.

Endocrine disorders

One of the causes of hypotension is endocrine pathologies. For example, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, pituitary insufficiency.

With hypotension of adrenal origin, there is a lack of catecholamines, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

This leads to a decrease in arteriolar tone, circulating blood volume, total peripheral resistance, and cardiac output. With aldosterone deficiency, the body loses sodium and becomes dehydrated. All these factors cause low tonometer readings.

Hypothyroid conditions in men are characterized by a deficiency of hormones produced by the thyroid gland and. A lack of these substances causes damage to the cardiovascular system. Dystrophic changes lead to a decrease in vascular tone and circulatory failure. This means that symptoms of hypotension appear.

The tonometer also shows deviations from the norm if the pituitary gland is damaged.

Arterial hypotension develops as a result of insufficient effect of vasopressin, TSH, STH and ACTH.

Reduced pituitary function causes a decrease in arteriolar tone, cardiac output and circulating blood volume. These changes cause a persistent decrease in diastolic and systolic pressures.

In diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia and adrenal insufficiency often occur. Endocrine disorders entail hormonal imbalance, which also contributes to the development of symptomatic arterial hypotension.

Reasons for low blood pressure in humans - 8 reasons

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There are many reasons why a person’s blood pressure drops.

Here are eight main reasons

:

1. Congenital feature
2. Heart failure
3. Overvoltage
4. High air temperature
5. Bleeding
6. Stress, depression
7. Weather conditions
8. Side effects from medications

Let's look at the reasons for the decline in more detail.

In some people, low blood pressure is a congenital feature. They always have it below the established norm, but they feel normal.

One of the causes of hypotension may be heart failure. It develops against the background of various heart diseases. The heart begins to pump blood more slowly, which leads to a decrease in vascular tone and, accordingly, a decrease in blood pressure.

Blood pressure decreases when performing intense physical activity, when the body becomes overtired. This often occurs in professional athletes and dancers.

With prolonged exposure to the sun in hot weather or a bath, blood vessels dilate, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.

Low blood pressure occurs with bleeding, stress, depression, and work overload. It can be a side effect after taking certain medications and sedatives, as well as the body’s reaction to changes in the weather.

Causes of hypertension

Doctors state the fact that a predisposition to high blood pressure is often passed from father to son. If the father and other relatives suffered from hypertension, this is a reason to start preventing the disease from the age of 17.

High blood pressure has its own reasons:

• heart disease;
• kidney diseases;
• excessive physical activity;
• suffered stress;
• influence of weather conditions;
• presence of bad habits – smoking, alcohol;
• hereditary predisposition;
• excess salt in the body.

Even a young, healthy person who has experienced stress is not immune from hypertension. This may not happen in the near future, but with age, the disease can overtake its “victim”, so you need to monitor your health throughout your life.

To prevent heart disease from being taken by surprise, it is necessary to carry out their prevention. These measures are equally necessary for those men who have already acquired a similar illness.

To live a full life and not think about “sores” you need to:

1. Stick to a normal daily routine.
2. Exercise daily.
3. Eat a balanced diet.
4. To refuse from bad habits.
5. Avoid stress.

The initial stage of hypertension is not as dangerous as its consequences, so it is better to prevent the disease or do everything in time to prevent its development.

It is important to understand that alarming symptoms of blood pressure in men should be a reason to visit a doctor. This is the only way to quickly identify and eliminate the causes of blood pressure changes. Delayed treatment always leads to serious consequences.

Author of the article Svetlana Anatolyevna Ivanova, general practitioner

As a result of overload

A decrease in blood pressure sometimes occurs in athletes after hard training or competitions, when all their strength is exerted. This phenomenon also occurs in men and women when they live for quite a long time in a state of physical or nervous or emotional stress. Blood pressure can drop so low that a person may be tired from work in the morning, go to bed in the evening and not get enough sleep at all and not feel rested. There is a loss of interest in life and complete indifference to what is happening. A person in such a state can lose everything in life if he is not helped in time and treatment is not started.

Blood loss

Blood loss refers to the loss of a large amount of blood. It occurs as a result of internal bleeding or severe trauma.

Leads to a decrease in circulating blood volume and a sharp drop in pressure.

If the blood loss is insignificant, the tonometer readings will be within normal limits for some time. This is explained by a reflex spasm of the arteries. But then progressive hypotension develops.

It is important to stop the bleeding quickly. Without this, the effectiveness of further treatment will be low.

If blood loss is severe, acute hypotension occurs, which can be life-threatening.

Forms of hypotension in men

Men after 50 years of age most often begin to notice that the heart and blood vessels function somewhat differently, systematically causing unpleasant symptoms. Low blood pressure leads to a deterioration in the blood supply to internal organs.

Because of this, the tissues of the human body do not receive enough valuable substances necessary for full functioning. And oxygen starvation of the brain is considered one of the most dangerous conditions, which in the near future will be complicated by a sharp decline in cognitive abilities, and sometimes also lead to sudden psycho-emotional disorders.

There are two variations in which this disease can be presented.

Name of the type of hypotension

Features, characteristics, symptoms of the pathological condition

Drug treatment

If hypotension causes discomfort to the patient, the attending physician, having ruled out possible contraindications, may prescribe the following medications:

• “Cordiamine” - helps in cases of frequent dizziness caused by a decrease in pressure due to surges in atmospheric pressure (magnetic storms);
• drugs containing caffeine (“Citramon”, “Askofen”, etc.) - prescribed for headaches caused by impaired blood flow from the vessels of the brain;
• "Regulton" - recommended for men with mental fatigue, suffering from insomnia, attacks of fear or panic;
• “Glycine” – helps the overall regulation of metabolic processes in the brain;
• "Tanakan" - taken for circulatory disorders in the vessels of the brain, decreased mental activity, memory impairment;
• “Citrulline” – used for various types of asthenia, after suffering severe forms of illness, injury, surgery;
• “Ortho Taurine” – increases resistance to mental, physical, emotional stress, negative environmental factors, helps with vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Taking any medications must be agreed with your doctor. Consuming them on your own can have a negative effect on the body.

When treating a chronic form of low blood pressure, treatment is often supplemented with vitamins such as Unicap, Glutamevit, etc. Also, during drug treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures may be prescribed: massage, exercise therapy, aromatherapy, acupuncture.

Household reasons

There are a number of other reasons why low blood pressure occurs. This is chronic fatigue and depression, frolicking against its background. If a person studies or works a lot, or is in a stressful situation for a long time, which does not even expect to be resolved, then the body can very easily react to external negative factors with low blood pressure. This is a protective reaction of the body. After all, it slows down the pulse and many life processes. In the animal world this leads to hibernation (anabiosis), and in humans it leads to increased drowsiness, and in extreme cases, to lethargic sleep. That is why you should not endure long-term negative factors; you need to solve problems, and not live with them.

What causes blood pressure to drop?

It's no secret that high blood pressure harms many organs. Low blood pressure is also quite dangerous. It may not always indicate a specific disease. Everything depends on the physiological health of a person. In some situations, a person is already born with hypotension and lives with it all his life.

Pathological hypotension in males and females leads to a large number of problems. Quite often, its main cause is genetic predisposition. Statistics show that women suffer from it more often. Low blood pressure has been a concern since an early age. Hypotonic children are easy to recognize: they are constantly lethargic, move little, get tired quickly, and lag behind their peers. Hypotonic adults are most often light in weight and tall.

Who is most susceptible to low blood pressure?

Hypotension often appears in those people who are constantly worried, nervous, and take everything to heart. Blood pressure also drops after prolonged mental stress. A passive lifestyle and refusal of physical labor can provoke the problem. In this situation, heart function deteriorates, mineral and protein metabolism, as well as pulmonary ventilation are disrupted.

Sometimes low pressure is a consequence of working in unfavorable conditions: working underground, constant activity at high temperatures and high humidity. Hypotension can be caused by:

• , vascular system.
• Damage to the respiratory organs.
• Disorders of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

Paradoxical! Hypotension occurs even in people who play sports. In this case, it is a reliable protection against constant physical activity. Thus, the body switches to “economy mode”.

Symptoms of low blood pressure

Various symptoms indicate low blood pressure:

• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Weakness
• Irritability
• Headache
• Pale complexion
• Decreased performance
• "Sleepy" state of the body

The person may become irritable. He experiences sudden changes in mood, sleep becomes restless, and sexual disorders are possible.

As a rule, some people with hypotension experience a set of several symptoms, while others are bothered by only one, for example.

In any case, if such symptoms appear, the pressure should be measured.

If low blood pressure occurs more and more often, it becomes a real problem for the body. Therefore, you urgently need to visit a doctor and undergo a medical examination.

In case of rare attacks of hypotension, there is no need to sound the alarm. You just need to take measures to increase your blood pressure.

Kidney pressure symptoms

Due to improper functioning of the kidneys, the volume of circulating blood in the body may increase, which in turn will also lead to an increase in blood pressure.

Disruption of normal blood circulation leads to the production of the hormone renin, which in turn leads to a malfunction of the kidneys - water and sodium cease to be excreted from the body. As a result of these changes in the functioning of this organ, the vascular tone of the kidneys increases and renal hypertension occurs. Complications that arise from the disease can be detrimental to the body.

The main symptoms of kidney pressure in men:

1. The appearance of clearly audible murmurs in the area of ​​the renal arteries.
2. Uneven blood pressure in different limbs.
3. The appearance of black spots before the eyes.
4. Headache.
5. Increased heart rate.

Any signs of the disease should be monitored by a doctor, since it will not be possible to establish a diagnosis on your own.

How does hypotension manifest in men?

Severe hypotension can lead to circulatory disorders of varying severity. Symptoms are mainly caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain.

Signs of severe hypotension:

• Dizziness;
• Floaters before eyes
• Fainting;
• Decreased concentration;
• Blurred vision;
• Nausea;
• Cold, damp, pale skin;
• Rapid breathing;
• Fatigue;
• Depression;
• Thirst.

A rapid drop in pressure leads to loss of consciousness. This condition is called “syncope” and may be accompanied by seizures. The most dangerous cause of hypotension is cardiogenic shock. In this condition, a rapid drop in pressure occurs, which leads to circulatory disorders. In this case, the patient requires immediate hospitalization.

Cardiogenic shock is caused by heart disease, severe bleeding, infection, an allergic reaction, or a pulmonary embolism. Shock may be accompanied by various unfavorable symptoms: pale skin, dizziness, and others.

Fainting

In adult men over 50 years of age, hypotension can lead to serious problems with blood circulation and internal organ function. Such patients are advised to immediately consult a doctor to find out the cause of the disease. If the cause is unknown, older patients may need to take medications as prescribed by their doctor.

Symptoms of intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure occurs due to changes in some component of the brain - blood vessels or cerebrospinal fluid. Since in the normal state they work quite harmoniously and create balance, an increase in the size of one of them leads to pressure on the other. This increases ICP.

The reasons for increased intracranial blood pressure in men can be very diverse:

• metabolic disease;
• an increase in the amount of fluid in the body;
• vasospasm;
• stroke;
• meningitis;
• excess weight;
• brain hypoxia;
• encephalitis;
• a brain tumor;
• severe poisoning and others.

At the same time, a person with increased ICP will experience a feeling of heaviness in the head and headaches.

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Also, the main symptoms of the disease are:

1. Vegetative-vascular dystonia – changes in blood pressure, fainting, sweating, rapid heartbeat.
2. Nausea and vomiting in the morning.
3. Fast fatiguability.
4. Nervousness.
5. The appearance of dark spots before the eyes.
6. Decreased sexual desire.

Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure

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Hypotension can be:

• acute - a decrease in pressure occurs sharply at the peak of the disease;
• chronic - low blood pressure is observed for a long time and is caused by some disease.

Acute hypotension

Acute hypotension is life-threatening and requires emergency treatment. It may accompany a heart attack, severe arrhythmias, intracardiac blockades, pulmonary embolism, bleeding, allergic reactions or other life-threatening conditions.

Symptoms of acute hypotension are as follows:

• the skin becomes pale, damp and cold;
• increasing weakness appears;
• dizziness can cause unsteadiness of gait and falling;
• the patient's vision becomes dark;
• thirst and dry mouth are felt;
• pulse quickens;
• shortness of breath appears;
• the person feels anxious or afraid.

As the pressure decreases further, fainting may occur. And in severe cases, the pulse cannot be detected, and blood pressure readings become extremely low.

Chronic hypotension

The main symptoms of chronic hypotension are caused by cerebrovascular accidents. Signs of low blood pressure appear frequently, regularly, and worsen your overall health.

Symptoms of chronic hypotension are as follows:

• headaches in the temples, back of the head or forehead (may be accompanied by nausea or vomiting);
• frequent cases of migraine-like pain (in one half of the head);
• darkening of the eyes;
• dizziness (sometimes to the point of fainting);
• noise in the head;
• fatigue and weakness;
• decreased performance;
• absent-mindedness;
• memory loss;
• emotional instability: irritability, mood swings;
• tendency to depression;
• feeling of lack of air and frequent yawning;
• numbness and coldness of the hands and feet;
• increased sensitivity to heat and cold;
• abnormalities in the functioning of the heart: discomfort and pain in the chest, palpitations and shortness of breath during physical or emotional stress, etc.

Some people with low blood pressure feel a significant deterioration in their health when the weather changes or during magnetic storms.

Rice. 1 - Headache in the temporal region is a common symptom of low blood pressure.

In addition to the above symptoms of low blood pressure, the patient has characteristic signs of the underlying disease:

• with iron deficiency anemia - changes in taste (the need to eat chalk, clay, spicy and salty foods), appetite disturbances, pallor, tachycardia, shortness of breath;
• with hypothyroidism - slow speech, hair loss, decreased body temperature, swelling, obesity;
• with mitral stenosis - heart murmurs, a peculiar blush with a bluish tint, cardiac hump, pain in the heart area, shortness of breath, fainting;
• with peptic ulcers - pain in the stomach, lability of the nervous system, digestive disorders, etc.

With orthostatic collapse, a decrease in blood pressure is observed only when trying to sharply transfer the body from a horizontal to a vertical position. Such episodes are especially common in the morning. They are accompanied by sudden darkening of the eyes, dizziness, noise in the head, and in severe cases can lead to fainting. Such people are advised to never get out of bed abruptly and avoid sudden changes in body position.

Low blood pressure and old age

The main factors of deterioration can also be classified by age groups. For example, in young men, the main factors for low blood pressure include the following reasons:

• excessive physical activity;
• changes in the body's hormonal levels;
• frequent stress;
• thin body constitution.

Important! Experts cite harmful addiction to smoking and drinking alcohol as a common cause of low blood pressure in men. To stabilize the condition, it is recommended to take measures to combat these bad habits.

In adulthood, the stronger sex suffers from low blood pressure, manifested by various symptoms, often due to pathological physical fatigue, changes in climatic zones or stressful situations. With excessive physical exertion, the body, for the purpose of self-preservation, instinctively reduces the pulse rate and lowers vascular tone.

The risk group includes people with professions related to physical labor, or people leading an active lifestyle - professional athletes, as well as amateurs involved in extreme sports.

In old age, the main cause of low blood pressure in men is a decrease in vascular tone. This is due to age-related changes and the presence of chronic diseases. Against the background of these processes, the blood supply to internal organs deteriorates, which leads to oxygen starvation and the appearance of corresponding symptoms.

According to studies and practical long-term observations, scientists claim that blood pressure increases with age in most men. This is caused by the fact that over time the walls of the vessels thicken and become less elastic, as a result of which the blood channel narrows, and accordingly the pressure in the vessels increases.

In women, such growth is also associated with hormonal changes during menopause. Therefore, elderly hypotensive patients are extremely rare. And if for middle-aged men such a diagnosis is not critical, for old people low blood pressure threatens the occurrence of ischemic stroke. A decrease in pulse pressure with age indicates that the heart cannot “pump” blood normally, and a person should immediately undergo diagnosis and, if necessary, begin treatment.

A serious danger for older people is the so-called orthostatic hypotension (a decrease in blood pressure when changing position from horizontal to vertical), which is accompanied by noise in the head, blurred vision, and dizziness. Such side effects threaten fainting, in which there is a danger of damaging the head or other parts of the body or internal organs.

Also, in elderly patients, deviations such as a pathological difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings are possible. A gap of about 40 units is considered normal; with age, only one indicator can decrease or increase (125/60 or 95/80). As a rule, the reasons for such changes in older men are hidden in cardiovascular dysfunctions; in order to establish them, you need to consult a specialist.

Scientists say that those suffering from low blood pressure in middle age should be prepared for hypertension in old age; they are advised to constantly monitor changes in blood pressure.

Old age and hypotension are concepts that are closely related. Many people are interested in why low blood pressure in older men occurs against the background of a generally favorable condition.

The reason is age-related changes that develop gradually. First of all, they affect blood vessels, liver, kidneys, heart, brain and joints. A characteristic sign of “senile” hypotension is a sudden deterioration in general condition when trying to stand up suddenly or radically change body position.

Pensioners often complain that even minor loads lead to specific orthostatic collapse. At later stages, cardiovascular diseases are also aggravated by signs of senile dementia. The processes of tissue destruction and degeneration are irreversible. Medication can only partially slow down negative changes.

Causes of low blood pressure in women

Low blood pressure can develop at any age, but people aged 30 years and older are more likely to suffer.

Low blood pressure can occur against the background of general health (and be a normal condition) and arise due to various pathologies and diseases.

Causes of hypotension against the background of general health (relevant for both men and women)

The following factors can provoke a decrease in blood pressure without affecting general well-being:

• hereditary tendency to develop hypotension;
• excessive physical stress on the body, performing hard work (hypotension develops as a protective reaction to physical activity due to a decrease in heart rate);
• a sharp change in climatic conditions (for example, when vacationing in winter in exotic countries);
• when in hot conditions with high humidity;
• high in the mountains;
• sudden change in body position.

Also, low blood pressure often occurs in women who are actively involved in sports and dancing, as the body is constantly exposed to physical stress. Doctors distinguish this type of hypotension separately and call it “training hypotension.”

The threshold for “normal low blood pressure” is 100/70 mm Hg. Art. When the numbers are lower, the condition usually begins to worsen and negative symptoms occur. This threshold is relevant both for trained athletes and when in the mountains.

Pathological causes of hypotension (relevant for both men and women)

Arterial hypotension can develop as a secondary disease against the background of other pathologies of internal organs. This:

1. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. If the tone of the vascular walls is low, or the heart is not able to pump out a sufficient volume of blood, a decrease in pressure occurs. This is observed with myocardial infarction, vegetative-vascular dystonia, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. Also, a sharp decrease in pressure occurs with pulmonary embolism.
2. Acute blood loss. It is observed in injuries due to a decrease in circulating blood volume (abbreviated as CBV).
3. Infectious diseases. In this case, an increased body temperature is often observed, dehydration of the body occurs, which causes a decrease in blood volume and, consequently, hypotension. By the same mechanism, a decrease in pressure can also occur against the background of intestinal infections.
4. Anemia. A decrease in hemoglobin levels is accompanied by hypoxia - insufficient oxygen supply - and leads to the development of low blood pressure. Anemia can occur with significant blood loss, especially of a chronic nature (with heavy menstruation in women, severe peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum).
5. Disruption of the endocrine system. Hypotension occurs with hypothyroidism – insufficient production of thyroid hormones. As a result, vascular tone decreases, a low pulse is noted (bradycardia), which leads to a decrease in blood pressure. This condition is also possible due to insufficient production of adrenal hormones.
6. Collapse. In case of anaphylactic shock, painful shock, or heat stroke, there is always a decrease in blood pressure due to the accumulation of blood in large vessels and its absence in the periphery.
7. Oncological processes. Hypotension is more often diagnosed in the last stages of cancer development.
8. Neurological disorders. A decrease in blood pressure is typical for neuroses and depressive states.
9. Use of certain medications. The disease can develop as a result of an overdose of antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants, sleeping pills, muscle relaxants, psychotropic substances, nitrates, cardiac glycosides.
10. Insufficient supply of nutrients. Due to the abundance of diets and fasting days, the body simply may not receive all the necessary substances to ensure normal functioning. Also, the cause of hypotension in this case can be a sharp decrease in body weight.

If hypotension occurs against the background of other diseases, treatment is aimed primarily at eliminating them. Often this is enough to achieve an increase in blood pressure.

Causes of hypotension unique to women

• Increased production of the hormone estrogen: the substance helps reduce vascular tone;
• gynecological diseases: uterine fibroids, heavy menstruation, postpartum blood loss;
• pregnancy: in the first trimester, this condition is observed due to increased levels of progesterone, later – against the background of inferior vena cava syndrome, pregnancy of twins, anemia.

Why does men's blood pressure drop?

Many people ask why blood pressure decreases? Blood pressure is an important factor affecting health. Not only high (hypertension), but also low (hypotension) pressure can negatively affect blood circulation. Blood pressure disorders usually remain asymptomatic for many years.

To prevent dangerous consequences, it is recommended to measure your blood pressure regularly in your doctor's office or at home.

Blood is pushed by the heart through the vessels to the tissues and target organs. The vessels are “flexible” tubes, and the pressure exerted on their walls is called blood pressure.

In the arteries, pressure is measured in two values: systolic (when the heart contracts) and diastolic (when the heart muscle relaxes). Blood pressure depends on the strength of cardiac output and vascular elasticity (peripheral vascular resistance).

Vessels

Hypotension is considered to be systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - less than 60 mm Hg. Art. Idiopathic (essential, primary) is hypotension that occurs in the absence of an organic disease. Young, thin and tall people often suffer from this form of hypotension.

Secondary hypotension is caused by some pathological condition (hormonal disorders, kidney disease, hypovolemia).

Patients suffering from hypotension most often feel it during a sudden change in body position. The cardiovascular system does not have time to adapt, and the brain does not receive enough blood. Possible consequences: dizziness and spots before the eyes, which can lead to collapse. Often there is a rapid heartbeat and profuse sweating.

Hypotension is an unpleasant condition, but it usually does not have a direct negative impact on health. If blood pressure decreases significantly and remains low for a long time, this can lead to organ hypoperfusion. The only thing that can be done in this case is to call an ambulance.

There are many reasons for a drop in blood pressure. Hypotension can occur in young girls who frequently go hungry. Sometimes blood pressure drops only when there is a sharp change in the position of the body in space.

Chronic hypotension results from impaired blood pressure control mechanisms. The main diseases that disrupt blood pressure regulation:

• Diabetes;
• Hypovitaminosis;
• Alcoholism;
• Diseases of the brain and spinal cord (multiple sclerosis);
• Brain tumors;
• Endocrine disorders in which hormones that increase blood pressure (eg, Addison's disease, hypoaldosteronism) are not produced in sufficient quantities;
• Abuse of antihypertensive drugs (drugs can reduce blood pressure very strongly);
• Severe dehydration;
• Myocardial infarction (cardiogenic shock);
• Severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock);
• Severe infectious disease (septic shock);
• Myocardial failure – the heart stops pumping enough blood;
• Shock (massive bleeding, extensive burns, dehydration, anaphylaxis).

Hypotonic patients suffer from decreased performance, fatigue, weakness, impaired concentration and cold hands. It is worth noting that only with systolic pressure values ​​of 70-60 mm Hg. Art. vital organs are damaged. High blood pressure is considered more dangerous, but it all depends on the stage of the disease.

Anaphylaxis

If patients experience symptoms of low blood pressure, especially when standing up or changes in ambient temperature, it is called orthostatic hypotension. The problem occurs as a result of a malfunction of the sympathetic nervous system. A rapid change in pressure can lead to fainting.

Old age can lead to insufficient pressure in peripheral blood vessels and cause dangerous dizziness and falls. As mentioned above, hypotension is not a pathology, and in some cases it can prolong a person’s life.

Children and adolescents experience problems with blood pressure during periods of rapid growth. Pregnant women often experience low blood pressure in the first weeks of pregnancy. This is usually harmless, but in some cases it can lead to insufficient blood flow to the placenta. For athletes, low blood pressure is quite normal during the rest phase. In young women, low blood pressure can be a sign of excessive mental effort and exhaustion.

Athlete

Hypotension in most cases does not cause any problems, in addition to a possible decrease in performance. Sometimes it can be accompanied by a feeling of nausea, dizziness, blurred vision and weakness due to temperature changes.

Scientists say people with low blood pressure live longer because their blood vessels don't strain as much. Blood pressure should only be treated if it causes severe discomfort.

Causes of low diastolic pressure

Reasons that cause a decreased parameter of the lower diastolic border, when the upper one remains normal:

• arrhythmia;
• myocardial or heart valve dysfunction;
• disruptions in the body at the hormonal level;
• stomach ulcer;
• kidney pathologies;
• anemia;
• oncology;
• lack of vitamins.

Diastolic can drop to a critical level of 40 mmHg. Art. Such a greatly underestimated indicator often accompanies myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, a pronounced allergic reaction, and heart failure.

Blood loss also causes a drop in the second blood pressure limit. This phenomenon is typical during severe injuries, when massive bleeding occurs.

Therefore, a drop in the lower pressure limit requires emergency medical attention.

Causes of low blood pressure in women

Low blood pressure is more common in women than in men. The causes of low blood pressure in women are specific.

Female sex hormones can have a relaxing effect on the walls of blood vessels. Women also often experience psychological failures, which affect blood pressure readings.

The main causes of low blood pressure in women:

1. fasting for weight loss. Diets negatively affect the content of vitamins and microelements in the body. If the cells do not have enough B vitamins, then hypotension begins to develop;
2. frequent emotional stress, turning into apathetic states, depression;
3. low blood pressure is a concern during pregnancy;
4. medications from the category of antidepressants and painkillers.

In women, blood pressure decreases after drinking strong alcohol.

Low blood pressure in men

The main causes of low blood pressure in men include the following pathological conditions:

• disruption of the thyroid gland when an insufficient amount of hormones is produced. As a result, structural changes in the vascular walls develop, and the tissues receive less nutrients;
• decreased pituitary function. Under the influence of the reduced volume and pressure of circulating blood, the first and second blood pressure decreases.
• renal pathologies developing against the background of dehydration. Kidney failure;
• stomach diseases;
• cirrhosis of the liver, which occurs in a chronic form;
• pathological processes of the heart muscle. These are myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, myocarditis;
• bad habits. This is smoking and drinking alcohol in very large quantities.

Heart failure most often causes a decrease in blood pressure parameters in men.

Blood pressure norms for males

A man’s blood pressure norms, although slightly, correlate with his age

In the USSR, normal blood pressure by age (from 17 to 80 years) was calculated taking into account not only age, but also weight:

• SBP = (person's age / 2) + (body weight × 0.1) + 109;
• DBP = (person's age × 0.1) + (body weight × 0.15) + 63.

Modern cardiology has abandoned these formulas. What is the normal blood pressure for men today?

Regardless of height, weight and age, starting from the age of 17, normal blood pressure for a man or woman is:

• SBP = 90 to 129;
• DBP = 60 to 89;
• PAD = 45 ±10.

Nevertheless, in fairness, it is worth noting that some footnotes on age are still given, but only when it comes to low blood pressure.

For your information. In a healthy person, blood pressure levels can vary throughout the day and reach up to a 20% increase from the average SBP and/or DBP. Normal resting blood pressure values ​​increase in stressful situations, including when it is measured by a doctor or nurse - “white coat syndrome”, due to drinking strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and energy drinks, and some medications.

How to measure blood pressure correctly?

Tonometers: automatic for the shoulder (1) and wrist (2), semi-automatic (3) and manual (4)

The device for measuring blood pressure is called a tonometer. Despite the fact that the price of automatic and semi-automatic devices is much higher, mechanical tonometers - a cuff with a bulb and a phonendoscope - in practice give more accurate measurement results (see photo above).

Today it is possible to measure blood pressure using modern household wrist devices, but their measurements are still far from ideal. They are good only for approximate rationing of physical activity in athletes or during exercise therapy.

Instructions for correctly measuring blood pressure at home are as follows:

• before measurement, refrain from tonic drinks (1 hour) and smoking (30 minutes);
• 15 minutes before measurement, avoid physical activity;
• take the measurement while sitting or lying down, you can also stand, but so that the cuff is at the level of the heart, including the cuff of an automatic blood pressure monitor for the wrist;
• the sleeve should not overtighten the arm, and the size of the tonometer cuff should “correspond” to the volume of the shoulder (wrist);
• do not move or talk during the procedure;
• to obtain accurate indicators, you should measure blood pressure three times, with a time interval of 3-5 minutes, and then calculate the arithmetic average values;

Memo. For the first time, blood pressure is measured on both arms, and then, provided that the difference in SBP values ​​was more than 10, on the limb where the values ​​were higher. In the vast majority of cases, the measurement is performed on the left shoulder.

Low blood pressure in a woman aged 30-35 years

After 30 years, women need to carefully monitor their health, in particular regarding blood pressure. Having reached their fourth decade, the fair sex often encounters high or low blood pressure

In our article we will tell you why a decrease in pressure is possible, in particular, we will pay attention to what pressure is considered low

Low blood pressure in women and men is a drop below normal. More specifically, a girl or guy after thirty may consider that they have hypotension if their blood pressure is lower than 100 over 60. A person with such indicators may feel:

• weakness, weakness;
• headache in the back of the head;
• shortness of breath (especially if you are in a room with a lot of people);
• excessive sweating;
• nausea and even vomiting;
• drowsiness;

• dependence on meteorological conditions;
• poor memory;
• apathy;
• poor appetite;
• menstrual irregularities (a symptom of low blood pressure in women over 35 years of age);
• impaired potency (for men of the same age);
• If you suddenly stand up from a sitting or lying position, you may feel dizzy.

Low blood pressure in women can be caused by many things. These may be reasons, both against the background of general health, and associated with various pathologies.

The causes of low blood pressure in women may not be associated with any pathological diseases. Such causes of low blood pressure include:

• menstruation. During this period, the body’s hormonal levels change, which can lead to the development of hypotension;
• consumption of excess food. If your diet contains many more calories than you need, and mostly processed foods predominate, you risk developing problems with blood pressure;
• intoxication of the body;
• consuming too little food (often this problem occurs in those who want to lose weight as quickly as possible and begin to starve, so it is better not to abuse strict diets);
• performing complex and painstaking work for a long time can cause fatigue, which is often accompanied by hypotension;
• toxicosis (it is so inherent in nature that during gestation the body is rebuilt and changes in blood pressure in women during this period are simply inevitable).

The above reasons are not caused by any human disease. But it could be different. Now let's name the pathological reasons. This:

• an imbalance in the bacterial balance can be caused by disruptions in the functioning of the intestine and, as a consequence, the predominance of pathogenic bacteria over beneficial ones;
• problems with the endocrine system - a lack of hormones that are required for proper absorption of nutrients can lead to decreased appetite, general weakness, and vomiting;
• improper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, development of ulcers, gastroduodenitis;
• mental illness - if a woman is constantly in a state of stress or depression, she risks experiencing pressure surges; This is especially true for those who, when excited, lose their appetite, which is why they refuse to eat;
• improper functioning of the cardiovascular system;
• drug addict;
• dependence on certain medications;
• cancer (hypotension can occur especially often in those undergoing radiation).

Main symptoms of high blood pressure

Sometimes it is quite difficult to determine the onset of hypertension, since the symptoms of high blood pressure in men can be similar to other diseases.

However, if you have the following symptoms, you should consult a doctor in order to identify the causes in time:

1. Headache.
2. Heartache.
3. Cardiopalmus.
4. Dizziness.
5. Sweating.
6. Nosebleeds.
7. Redness on the face and neck.
8. The appearance of tinnitus.
9. Rapid pulse.
10. Memory impairment.

Along with the decision to go to the hospital, you need to rid your body of aggravating factors such as smoking, excess weight, consumption of caffeine, salt and red meat, stop being nervous and eat the right foods, high in potassium and magnesium.

The symptoms of high blood pressure in men are difficult to ignore. Most often these are bursting pains in the back of the head and temples, lack of strength to move, strong heartbeat, compression in the chest, nosebleeds.

Often, with very high blood pressure, they lose consciousness, become absent-minded, and partially lose their memory!

Experts note that recently there has been an increase in cases of young men going to hospitals with obvious signs of severe hypertension. But at the same time, many representatives of the stronger sex ignore the symptoms of the disease because they do not take them seriously, and this is fundamentally wrong.

The very first signs of hypertension in men can manifest themselves in the form of daytime drowsiness, absent-mindedness, panic attacks, as well as irritability and insomnia. Sometimes it’s worth listening to your body in time to prevent the development of the disease.

The next stage of hypertension is pain in the heart and head, as well as a hypertensive crisis. These signs are considered potentially dangerous, since they can only mean that blood pressure is significantly higher than normal in the upper and lower levels. The appearance of this symptom requires immediate hospitalization or taking special medications.

First aid

If you have high blood pressure, you need to relax and lie horizontally, raising your head above your shoulders. The room should be thoroughly ventilated.

For many, mustard plasters on the shoulder blades and legs, hot foot baths, special breathing, rubbing the legs with apple cider vinegar, herbal tinctures, and pills prescribed by a doctor help normalize blood pressure. If blood pressure cannot be normalized within 2 hours, you need to call an ambulance.

Low blood pressure, what to do and how to help

Most often, a person may become ill in a stuffy room or in the sun

At these moments, it is important for those around you not to get confused, but to begin to act decisively before the ambulance team arrives. It is important to know simple rules to help with low blood pressure

1. The person must be placed in an upright position, so the blood flows better to the brain. It is forbidden to place a pillow under the head; the head should be positioned at body level to restore blood flow.
2. If it is not possible to lay the victim down, then it is necessary to sit the person down and lower his head between his knees, this will restore normal blood supply to the body.
3. No matter what position a person is in, he must be given water or tea to drink.

Such timely assistance can save a person’s life; it is important not to remain indifferent!

Heart diseases

A common cause of hypotension in men is pathology of the heart muscle:

• pulmonary embolism;
• myocardial infarction;
• blockade of the cardiac conduction system;
• myocarditis;
• pericarditis;
• rheumatism;
• cardiosclerosis.

In acute myocarditis, fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, cardiac tamponade, muscle contractility decreases.

The organ cannot provide sufficient blood flow or pressure. This causes the tonometer numbers to drop. Heart failure and bradycardia are common causes of low blood pressure in men.

If the heart does not supply the required amount of blood to the body, cardiogenic shock occurs, which contributes to a sharp drop in blood pressure readings.

Conditions under which blood pressure decreases

Among the main prerequisites that cause a decrease in blood pressure are dysfunction of the heart muscle and overstrain of the nervous system. These phenomena occur for the following reasons:

1. vascular walls narrow. This is why the normal movement of blood to the heart, and from the heart to the organs, and the structural changes in the arteries are suspended;
2. from dehydration or as a result of blood loss. Blood volume changes, causing blood pressure to decrease;
3. the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle decreases due to dysfunction. This can happen due to prolonged stay in one position. Blood pressure also drops at night during sleep due to awkward body position, but this is a natural, normal condition.

Another prerequisite that provokes a decrease in pressure is a malfunction in the functioning of the nerve endings responsible for stabilizing blood pressure.

Pathological causes

Hypotension caused by pathological causes is characterized by a constant lack of oxygen necessary to nourish organs and systems. Low blood pressure reflects functional malfunctions in the body in the presence of the following pathological processes:

• formation of ulcers in the stomach;
• hepatitis, cirrhosis, inflammation of the pancreas;
• failure of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism);
• respiratory diseases;
• anemia (decreased hemoglobin due to iron deficiency);
• neoplasms;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• mental disorders;
• pathologies of infectious nature.

Hypotension may be a manifestation of neuralgia in diseases of the brain structures (vasomotor centers); risk factors include emotional stress and frequent stressful situations. The cause of low blood pressure often lies in functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, which develops when neuroendocrine regulation fails (neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotensive type).

How to react correctly

Doctors say that hypotensive people should drink a cup of coffee in the morning and eat a sandwich with cheese and butter, and everything will be fine. And don’t be too nervous, get enough sleep, drink at least 2 liters of water a day. If you are wondering what else you can do, then read our article here: “What to do with low blood pressure?” But the most important thing that hypotensive people need to understand is that they should not fix the problem, but eliminate it, that is, go to the doctor and get treatment.

In this article we will look at why a person’s blood pressure decreases?

Every person more than once in his life has been in a state in which he feels dizzy, sleepy, and unable to concentrate. In a word, I felt defeated. The reason for this is low blood pressure. In medical language, this phenomenon is called hypotension or hypotension.

A semi-fainting state may one day occur even in those who lead a healthy lifestyle and have never complained about their health.

Prevention

Compliance with preventive measures will help restore the functioning of blood vessels and avoid attacks of low pressure.

Recommendations:

• strengthening blood vessels with a contrast shower;
• rational nutrition (mainly dishes enriched with seasonal vitamins, as well as microelements), avoidance of diets;
• maintaining an active lifestyle (swimming pool, walking, running - taking into account age and physical ability);
• stabilization of the emotional background (avoidance of stressful situations);
• night sleep for at least 8 hours, walks in the fresh air;
• taking multivitamins;
• drinking enough liquid;
• exclusion of alcoholic beverages (even a small dose of alcohol-containing liquids leads to dehydration);
• quitting smoking (nicotine causes vasoconstriction and reduces the elasticity of the walls);
• limit drinks containing caffeine (excessive consumption has the opposite effect, lowering blood pressure);
• acupuncture massage techniques (strengthen the vascular wall, help restore blood circulation).

Vascular hypotension leads to oxygen starvation; sensitive brain cells suffer first, signaling headaches. Preventive measures help restore impaired circulatory regulation, reducing the frequency of attacks and improving the quality of life of a person suffering from hypotension.

Chronic hypertension

The risk of cardiovascular complications is not as high as with hypertension, but in old age there is an increased risk of ischemic stroke, in young age the quality of life and performance deteriorate.

Causes of chronic hypotension

may be a normal phenomenon (for athletes and residents of high mountains, the Arctic, and the tropics). Decreased vascular tone (for example, with endocrine diseases), cardiac output (with heart failure).

Causes of hypotension in men:

• By nature, a man must be active. In the absence of physical activity, heart rate, vascular tone and cardiac output decrease, which causes hypotension.
• Hormonal imbalance is possible (not only in adolescents, but also in adult men).

How does chronic hypotension manifest?

A decrease in pressure may occur when trying to stand up (usually occurs within 1-3 minutes). Most often occurs in the morning. It is characterized by deterioration of blood supply to the brain, darkening of the eyes, tinnitus, and dizziness. May lead to falling or even fainting. It is facilitated by bed rest, previous operations, many medications, and serious illnesses. It may also manifest itself as weakness, increased fatigue, tiredness in the morning, decreased performance, a tendency to faint, headaches, pain in the heart. Also characterized by poor tolerance to heat, cold and physical activity, as well as stuffiness.

Why hypotension is dangerous for men:

A decrease in blood pressure in men is usually considered not too dangerous, since it is possible when stress, overwork, lack of rest or poor nutrition occur. But when the heart rate increases above 100 beats, or falls below 55, as well as fainting, there is a great danger. It is also especially dangerous when only one of the indicators decreases (for example, only systolic or diastolic pressure) - this may indicate heart failure or severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

How to detect hypotension?

Systematic measurements of pressure throughout the day (using a tonometer) are necessary. To determine the causes of the disease, consult a cardiologist.

First aid for hypertensive crisis

When experiencing a hypertensive crisis for the first time in your life or in its complicated forms, you must immediately call an ambulance. And if in the first case, the call to the doctor is due to the lack of necessary medications to stop the attack, then in the second, we are talking about saving a life, and every minute counts.

Before the ambulance arrives, the hypertensive patient should recline with the head of the bed raised high.

To relieve uncomplicated hypertensive crises, it is recommended to take captopril, and if the SBP rises above 200, clonidine will help. Hypertensive patients should always have these medications with them.

Why does blood pressure rise?

The primary causes of high blood pressure in men are:

• difficult working conditions, work on night shifts or on a 24-hour schedule;
• frequent stressful situations or prolonged psycho-emotional stress;
• heredity;
• poor nutrition;
• abuse of pickles and adding salt to dishes;
• poor microclimate in the living area;
• prolonged overexertion and lack of a normal work-rest regime;
• heavy smoking, abuse of alcohol and energy drinks;
• obesity and impaired glucose tolerance;
• sedentary lifestyle.

It has been proven that replication of cytomegalovirus will definitely lead to the development of hypertension

Causes of high blood pressure in men depending on age:

• in young people it is smoking, alcohol, drugs, as well as a consequence of a number of congenital diseases;
• in middle-aged people - obesity, lack of physical activity, frequent stress, illnesses that led to pathological changes in the cardiovascular or urinary systems;
• after 40 – sclerosis of blood vessels.

Quite often, the upper blood pressure does not increase or increases, but only slightly, while the lower blood pressure is at the level of 100-100 mm Hg. The main cause of high diastolic pressure in men is kidney disease.

Other causes of lower high blood pressure in men:

• excess body weight;
• extensive atherosclerosis;
• hypothyroidism (decreased production of thyroid hormones);
• myocarditis.

Normal blood pressure: parameters

It is believed that in men aged 20 to 40 years, the optimal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Art. However, this parameter is very conditional and depends on a number of factors, including the age and individual characteristics of any organism.

If we consider a decrease in pressure as a deviation, it is worth considering that only one arterial indicator may not correspond to the norm. For example, a patient may only have low diastolic (lower) blood pressure. A decrease in systolic (upper) or diastolic pressure by at least 20% is a deviation.

The table below shows the main blood pressure indicators taking into account the age of men.

Determination of hypotension by pulse

Patients mistakenly believe that if they have low blood pressure, they will have a slow heart rate. Considering this an important indicator, they miss the development of pathology and turn to doctors for help late. In fact, when blood flow drops, the body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen by starting the heart at an accelerated rate.

A high pulse with low pressure is a common occurrence, indicating the development of tachycardia or arrhythmia in the patient. The body independently redistributes the flow of blood and plasma within the vascular bed. Often diagnosed as 100 beats per minute, which provokes shortness of breath, headaches, weakness and fainting.

At the initial stage of hypotension, the pulse is most often observed in the range of 50–55 beats per minute. This phenomenon is called bradycardia and requires mandatory examination and correction with medications. The problem occurs under the following conditions:

• general hypothermia;
• atherosclerosis with damage to the coronary arteries;
• cardiosclerosis;
• scarring of tissue after a heart attack.

There are several reasons for a decrease in heart rate, so the indicator is not informative for diagnosing hypotension. It is necessary to seek help from a cardiologist to increase blood pressure.

Important! Low heart rate is not always associated with hypotension. This condition is observed with dehydration, poisoning, Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.

Is blood pressure 80/40 dangerous?

Physiological hypotension does not pose a direct danger. However, with its long-term presence, the body tries to raise the indicators to standard levels, which can lead to hypertensive pathology even in adolescents. The danger of pressure 80 to 40 lies not in the general condition of a person, but in the body’s reaction to such indicators. For such transformation, a long time must pass (tens of years), so there is time to notice the sensations described above and make a diagnosis for treatment.

Every person should know the dangers of low blood pressure in a person of a pathological nature. This indicates the presence of nervous system dysfunction or serious illness. In the latter case we are talking about the following pathologies:

• anaphylactic shock;
• acute myocardial infarction;
• gastrointestinal bleeding;
• hypothyroidism or hypocortisolism (decreased thyroid or adrenal function).

In most cases, attacks of hypotension become the only signal of a growing problem. With the development of vegetative reactions, low blood pressure can provoke the following consequences:

1. Decreased brain endurance to mental stress and memory.
2. Impaired vision and coordination of movements.
3. Fainting with the possibility of injuring soft tissues when falling.
4. Decreased physical endurance, interruptions in the functioning of the heart muscle.

Treatment methods for hypotension of various forms

In case of primary disease, doctors identify the cause, recommend sedatives to relieve stress, proper nutrition and giving up bad habits. The following medications can help relieve discomfort due to lack of oxygen:

• Citramon;
• Askofen;
• Saparal.

To improve cerebral circulation, a course of nootropic drugs is prescribed. They normalize the flow of blood and oxygen, strengthen blood vessels, and reduce the risk of ischemia of brain cells. The safest and most effective for hypotension:

• Glycine;
• Tanakan;
• Piracetam;
• Cavinton.

If there is poor circulation and low blood pressure, the patient often experiences irritability, drowsiness and weakness. To reduce symptoms, you can take Amitriptyline or Maprotiline as prescribed by your doctor. They normalize brain function, restore sleep, and relieve nervousness.

For minor deviations from the norm, it is better to use natural-based medications. They contain caffeine or stimulating compounds that gently accelerate blood circulation and improve nutrition of internal organs. It is recommended to take the following tinctures daily for 3–4 weeks:

• ginseng;
• Eleutherococcus;
• Schisandra chinensis.

Effective non-drug treatments for hypotension include:

• physiotherapeutic procedures (electrophoresis, electrosleep);
• complex of therapeutic exercises;
• hydromassage;
• massage for osteochondrosis.

Several times a year it is recommended to take a vitamin complex with the addition of potassium, magnesium, selenium, iron, and B vitamins. The body needs antioxidants to remove toxins and speed up metabolism. From time to time, doctors prescribe cardiotonics to maintain the heart muscle.

Infectious inflammations

One of the causes of hypotension is the presence of foci of infection.

Statistics show that 20-30% of men with chronic inflammatory diseases suffer from low blood pressure.

Any infectious disease can cause hypotension. Low blood pressure is explained by intoxication of the body, sensitivity of the vasomotor center of the nervous system, metabolic disorders, and circulatory disorders.

At the same time, body temperature rises to 40 degrees, chills, migraines, severe weakness, muscle and joint pain, skin rashes appear, and sleep is disturbed.

Treatment of chronic hypotension

To treat low blood pressure, you should consult a doctor who, after a detailed examination, will be able to identify the cause and prescribe appropriate treatment. Also, in addition to drug therapy, experts usually recommend adjusting your lifestyle. A patient with low blood pressure needs to follow a few simple rules.

• Sleep at least 8 hours a day.
• Do not get up abruptly after sleep (after waking up, sit in bed for 1-2 minutes or do light exercises).
• Do morning exercises for at least 10 minutes.
• Eat right and drink enough water.
• Take vitamin and mineral complexes.
• To refuse from bad habits.
• Lead an active lifestyle (walk in the fresh air, engage in doctor-approved sports).
• Take a contrast shower.