What to do if the pressure is 150 to 90 in men, women, and the elderly? What pills should I take?

Blood circulation in the body is ensured due to different pressures inside the veins and arteries. Arterial pressure has 2 digital indicators directly related to the cardiac cycle. They include a phase of contraction and relaxation.

Normal blood pressure for an adult is 120/80. A reading of 120 indicates the blood pressure inside the arteries during contraction of the heart muscle, and a reading of 80 indicates the level of pressure when the heart muscle relaxes. Within the normal range, blood pressure values ​​may deviate by 10 units in either direction. If a healthy person’s blood pressure rises to 150 to 70, the main causes are considered to be physical. loads, stress.

Blood pressure should be measured at rest, because with any physical or emotional stress the indicators change noticeably. Each person has his own norm, which is also influenced by age (older people have much higher blood pressure levels than younger people). In cases where the pressure is 150 to 90, you need to know in advance what to do, since you need to react to the situation quickly enough.

Is 150/90 normal?

No, it can hardly be recognized as such. This is stage 1 headache. At this stage, instability of the tonometer reading occurs, that is, the pressure fluctuates and is not constantly high, which falsely reassures the patient and misleads him about his own health.

This is the best moment for diagnosis and therapy, since stages 2-3 are incurable and difficult to control, and also pose a high threat to the state of the cardiovascular, visual, and excretory systems (the so-called target organ damage within the framework of hypertension).

Everything can end disastrously for the patient: stroke, heart attack, loss of vision, problems with cardiac activity of a potentially fatal kind.

Therapy with a doctor

A medical examination is usually aimed at confirming the diagnosis of hypertension and studying the condition of the heart and circulatory system. In cases of rare conditions, consultation with specialized specialists will be required: nephrologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist. This is especially important for young patients, who are most likely to have secondary hypertension.

Drug treatment of stage 1 arterial hypertension is carried out only if:

• blood pressure levels remain high despite lifestyle changes;
• blood pressure is significantly elevated and does not correspond to the age scale, for example: 160/100 at the age of 25 years, 160/110 at the age of 50 years;
• the patient suffers from diabetes or has high blood cholesterol levels;
• history of previous heart attack, stroke or heart failure.

Old age is also an indication for drug therapy. Prescribing medications for these patients is justified because there is a high baseline risk of further complications.

Are such indicators acceptable during pregnancy?

Gestation is generally considered an unpredictable process. While declaring that this is not a disease, doctors nevertheless try to treat such patients carefully.

The efforts of one obstetrician-gynecologist are not enough; depending on the nature of the problem, consultations with an endocrinologist, nephrologist, neurologist, phlebologist, and cardiologist are indicated.

A rise in blood pressure to 150 per 90 mmHg during pregnancy can be a normal physiological phenomenon, but it can be a herald of preeclampsia: a pathological dangerous jump in blood pressure to critical levels.

Determine in advance where and what is impossible: dynamic monitoring of a pregnant woman is necessary, preferably every month. If late toxicosis is suspected, hospitalization in a cardiology or gynecology hospital is mandatory (for preservation).

Features of therapy

When treating hypertension 150/90, medications and traditional recipes are used. Prescribing medications is the prerogative of the doctor. Effectiveness criteria: good tolerability, absence of side effects, rapid normalization of blood pressure. The most effective:

Reasons for high blood pressure

A significant level of blood pressure develops as a result of physiological, temporary factors or pathological processes of various kinds.

Natural moments

Not accompanied by severe symptoms. There may be isolated vegetative manifestations: sweating, shortness of breath, chills, palpitations. Possible reasons include:

• Intense physical activity. The more trained the human body, the more resistant it is to significant activity. Blood pressure increases slightly, and the same applies to the pulse rate. If an unprepared patient undertakes heavy exercise, nothing good can be expected. There is a clear correlation between blood pressure levels and exercise intensity. The proportionality is direct: the harder you work out, the higher the tonometer reading and the likelihood of complications right away.
• Changes in climatic conditions. Usually as a result of moving from a cold or mild region to a hot, humid one. The increased load on the cardiovascular system affects. In a healthy person, the adaptation period lasts up to 3-4 days, sometimes less.
• Abuse of caffeine the day before or on the same day. Tonic drinks are good for hypotensive patients, but such patients should know when to stop so as not to be trapped by their own body. The rule is: no more than 2 cups per day. Coffee is generally contraindicated for people with hypertension. It is better to replace it with high-quality granulated chicory.
• Excessive water consumption. You should not drink more than two liters a day. Especially if there are diseases of the excretory system. Such people should constantly consult a nephrologist or urologist regarding the regimen.
• Excess salt in the diet. For a healthy person, the figure is within 12 grams per day. For hypertensive patients - 3-7 g, no more. That’s why it’s so important to adjust your diet and give up semi-finished and canned foods: it’s impossible to control the amount of table salt, and the manufacturer either doesn’t write anything at all or outright lies.

These types of causes are distinguished by an important property: with the physiological origin of hypertension, there are no pronounced symptoms. The second significant feature is the short duration of the process, its instability.

Prevention

To avoid suffering from hypertension, you need to follow these preventive rules:

• eliminating bad habits;
• following a strict diet;
• feasible physical activity;
• exclusion of fatty, salty foods;
• fight against excess weight;
• eliminating stress;
• consumption of foods rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium;
• maintaining a sleep/wake schedule.

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Ivan Grekhov

Graduated from the Ural State Medical University with a degree in General Medicine. General practitioner

Pathological factors

If the pressure rises to 150/90 mmHg. Art. - this is the result of the development of diseases in 60% of cases, which makes this group the most common among patients. What processes provoke hypertension and how to recognize them:

Hyperthyroidism

Excessive amounts of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream. It develops as a result of poor nutrition, tumors of the organ itself or the pituitary gland.

Symptoms make themselves known almost immediately: the voice changes, the relief of the neck changes, the eyes bulge, visually become larger, shortness of breath occurs, fatigue occurs, and performance decreases.

Body temperature stably and regularly rises to subfebrile levels (37-37.5). The pressure is also at a constantly high level. The attending physician is an endocrinologist.

Diabetes

It flows unpredictably even with a complex effect on the body. It hits all systems. Moderately elevated blood pressure may be an indication of a latent process. You need to be examined by an endocrinologist.

Hypercortisolism

Excess of corticosteroids and primarily cortisol. Produced by the adrenal glands. Accordingly, there is a tumor (pheochromocytoma, cancer) in the paired organ itself or the pituitary gland/hypothalamus/chiasmal-sellar region in general.

Clinically it takes the form of Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. The symptoms are typical: severe obesity, without changing the diet, lipid deposition on the face (moon), bone pain, weakness, shortness of breath, inability to perform even minimal physical activity. The doctor is again an endocrinologist.

Renal pathologies

Heterogeneous in character. They are similar in one way: the production of renin increases, which is an intermediate substance and is involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone exchange.

Hypertension of renal origin is persistent, pressure increases steadily even at the first stage, up to 150-153 per 90-95, but responds well to specific therapy.

Symptoms: lower back pain, increased daily urine volume, painful urge to visit the toilet, often false, when urine is not released at all or comes out drop by drop, nocturia, changes in the properties of liquid discharge. Treating doctors: neurologist or urologist.

Problems with CNS inhibition

As a result of osteochondrosis and vertebrobasilar insufficiency in the system. Symptoms: neck pain, dizziness, cephalgia, problems with vision, speech, fainting, disorientation in space. Specialist - neurologist.

Heart problems

Mitral valve stenosis, cardiosclerosis, insufficiency, ischemic heart disease, previous heart attack. They are characterized by arrhythmias, shortness of breath, chest pain and high blood pressure. Cardiologist.

Thus, the causes of pressure 150 to 90 are pathologies of the excretory system (kidneys), endocrine structures, cardiovascular diseases, natural physiological factors (less often).

Symptoms of pressure 150/90

Previously, the systolic pressure was 150 mmHg. Art. was considered the norm for older people (over 60 years old). Doctors explained this by saying that the increase in pressure was a consequence of the natural aging of the body and the cardiovascular system. But in modern conditions, experts already detect problems with blood pressure in people over 35–40 years of age.

Indicators above 150/100 mmHg. Art. are not the norm even for people over 75 - 85 years old. A low figure of up to 90 may be normal at this age. If the indicator is 100, then a hypertensive crisis is developing. The doctor diagnoses the patient with stage 1 hypertension, the patient requires observation.

The development of the disease is indicated by the following signs:

• nausea;
• sleep disturbance;
• increased heart rate;
• noise in ears;
• loose stools;
• headaches;
• vomit;
• black spots under the eyes.

  

Any of these signs indicates cerebral vascular spasms. If the condition worsens, vision may decrease, heart failure may develop, and the risk of heart attack and stroke increases. If the patient refuses to take medications, he must change his lifestyle and monitor his diet.

What does a high or low heart rate indicate?

Not directly related to blood pressure levels. However, the following trends in the indirect effect of heart rate on blood pressure can be traced:

• Tachycardia increases the risk of fatal complications by 15%.
• An increase in heart rate is inherent in pathologies of the heart, kidneys and endocrine system. In neurological diseases and anemic processes, bradycardia often occurs.

These are general observations and do not claim to be the ultimate truth. You need to understand the problem on the spot, in detail.

How to lower blood pressure 150/90 in pregnant women?

In this situation, everything is much more complicated, since most medications are contraindicated for women during this period. But it is necessary to combat an increase in blood pressure to 150/90, so cardiologists often prescribe Dopegit tablets to pregnant patients.

The active substance of the drug is methyldopa. There have been no cases of negative effects on the intrauterine development of the fetus, but the medicine should be taken under the close supervision of the attending physician.

Dopegit gently lowers blood pressure, but positive dynamics from therapy in pregnant women may not be observed immediately, but after a few days. The initial dosage is 250 mg once. It is better to take a tablet before going to bed. After 2 days, the daily dose can be doubled, and so on until blood pressure is completely stabilized.

Dosage adjustment or replacement of an antihypertensive drug is carried out exclusively by a cardiologist or therapist!

Possible complications

Among the consequences:

• Stroke. Acute cerebrovascular accident such as malnutrition or rupture of a vessel with effusion of blood into the cerebral membranes. The second is much more dangerous, since another damaging factor arises: a hematoma, creating a mass effect (compression).
• Heart attack. Necrosis of the middle layer of the muscular structures of the heart. Functionally, it is the most active. At the end of the process, the working tissue is replaced by useless scar tissue. The development of organ dysfunction is likely; death without treatment occurs after 3-5 years as a result of a second heart attack.
• Blindness as a result of hemophthalmos and secondary retinal detachment.
• Pulmonary hypertension. Consequence of a long course of the disease. It consists of an increase in blood pressure in the corresponding artery.
• Kidney failure. Violation of excretory function, fluid filtration. Often ends with an even greater deterioration of the hypertensive process.

The risk of complications is 2-5% over a 10-year period. But the disease progresses quickly, which makes it dangerous. Treatment is needed. Hypotensive patients with a sharp increase in blood pressure have a worse prognosis.

If your blood pressure has risen due to anxiety

Theoretically, this could happen. The fact is that during any experience (and even joyful excitement), the human body overproduces the hormone adrenaline. And this is normal, certain protective mechanisms are activated - you need to maintain the functioning of the systems, protect the body from the influence of the provoking factor. Due to the release of adrenaline, the heart beats faster and the blood vessels constrict.

But as soon as the stressor is eliminated or is irrelevant, all indicators themselves return to normal. This is a completely normal situation. Therefore, if, indeed, due to severe stress in a person with good stable blood pressure readings, the numbers on the blood pressure monitor rose to 150/90, this may be similar to the truth.

But if the situation repeats itself, stress becomes frequent and increases in duration, the heart involuntarily begins to work in an intensive mode. And this is fraught with its rapid wear. It turns out that everyone’s blood pressure rises from excitement, but normally it recovers quite quickly and without your help.

But with constant stress, blood pressure stays at high levels longer. And this is already a risk of serious complications.

How to reduce blood pressure at home?

First aid measures:

• Take the drug prescribed by your cardiologist in the recommended emergency dosage. If the patient has not yet visited a doctor, taking Captopril or Enalapril to reduce blood pressure by 150 to 90, half a tablet is enough. Sublingually (under the tongue) to achieve a quick effect. It is recommended to purchase these drugs for your home first aid kit.
• For heart pain or tachycardia, take Valocordin, Corvalol, Nitroglycerin (1 tablet), Validol (dissolve 1 tablet). Do not exceed dosage.
• Use a herbal sedative: motherwort or valerian, but not in an alcohol solution: they excite the nervous system. Filter bags or tablets are suitable.
• If available, drink an express decoction (prepared like regular tea) with mint, lemon, St. John's wort. Or chokeberry tincture (2 tablespoons 3 times a day).
• Lie down, calm down. Try to rest.

If blood pressure does not drop, repeat taking the medications. It's important not to overdo it.

Attention:

The maximum dosage for antihypertensive drugs is 1 tablet, for sedatives - 2 tablets, for chokeberry - 8 tablespoons per day.

If there is no effect, call an ambulance to resolve the issue of hospitalization or primary measures to relieve the condition.

How to measure blood pressure correctly?

Everyone should be familiar with a tonometer, but not everyone knows when and how to measure blood pressure correctly. According to the rules, they do this in a state of physical and mental calm, because both types of stress significantly affect the performance.

It is better to measure blood pressure in the morning , when the body has not had time to fall under any of the negative factors.

Rules for measuring blood pressure with an electronic tonometer

However, there are several general rules that must be followed when using a tonometer to control blood pressure:

• Before measuring blood pressure, you need to spend about 10 minutes. in a sitting or lying position so that the body has the opportunity to calm down.
• The tonometer cuff should be placed on the arm as shown schematically in the description for it.
• There is no need to speak or move during the blood pressure measurement itself .
• during this procedure is also not correct .
• It is not allowed to measure blood pressure on one arm more often than every 10 minutes . Therefore, you need to change hands.

Rules for placing a tonometer cuff on the arm
For the tonometer readings to be reliable, the device itself must be of high quality. It is most convenient to use an electronic meter, but more reliable is a simple mechanical one.

Experts recommend buying blood pressure monitors only in specialized stores or pharmacies.

Symptoms that require you to see a doctor

The following changes in health should alert you:

• Headache. Localized in the back of the head, crown or covers the entire skull (is diffuse).
• Vertigo. The ground under your feet disappears, it is difficult to coordinate your movements, the world goes around in circles.
• Nausea, rarely vomiting. One-time or recurring. It has a reflex origin, therefore it does not bring relief from poisoning.
• Visual disturbances (floaters, photopsia, glare, blackouts, floating spots and lines). Hearing loss.

Especially dangerous are problems with speech, paralysis, paresis, muscle unruliness, severe chest pain, and facial distortions. In this case, you will need to call an ambulance. Emergency conditions are possible.

If the pressure rises to 150 to 90 and symptoms are present: headache, vertigo, problems with vision, coordination, hearing, etc. - this is a reason to see a doctor in itself.

Symptoms

In addition to tonometer readings, high blood pressure may be indicated by symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, facial flushing, increased heart rate, pain in the back of the head, swelling of the extremities, and decreased concentration. Some people experience tinnitus and a characteristic ringing sound from their voice.

Sometimes “floaters” appear before the eyes, the person is in a semi-fainting state and loses his ability to work for some period of time.

The intensity of symptoms depends on the value of the tonometer, as well as the individual characteristics of the body.

If the clinical picture persists for several hours, it is important to call an ambulance.

What examinations need to be completed?

Management of patients with arterial hypertension of unknown origin is the prerogative of a cardiologist. Other specialists are involved as needed.

The full range of events looks like this:

• Oral questioning, recording complaints, objectifying symptoms.
• Anamnesis collection, including clarification of family history and lifestyle.
• Measuring blood pressure using a mechanical or automatic device.
• Assessment of heart rate and tones during organ beating.
• Electrocardiography. Allows you to identify functional disorders. Requires decryption by an experienced specialist.
• Echocardiography. Ultrasound technique. With long-term hypertension, hypertrophy (thickening) of the ventricles is detected. This is GB's calling card.
• Daily monitoring. It is carried out to study blood pressure dynamics throughout the day, providing accurate information about the state of the patient’s cardiovascular system under normal conditions.
• Other methods: laboratory (blood and urine tests), electroencephalography, assessment of neurological status, ultrasound of the kidneys, abdominal organs, MRI of the brain, adrenal glands. Also angiography if necessary.

The whole process takes from 2 to 7 days. It happens faster in the hospital.

Curation methods

Complex. Taking medications, lifestyle changes, surgical treatment (in extreme cases), and the use of herbal remedies are indicated.

Medicines

Prescribed in minimal dosages to assess the response of hypertension. The following medications are indicated:

• Calcium channel blockers. Do not allow element ions to penetrate blood vessels. Diltiazem and Verapamil.
• Herbal sedatives and tranquilizers (Motherwort, Valerian, Diazepam).

Somewhat less commonly prescribed:

• ACE inhibitors prevent the effect of angiotensin II on the body. It causes an increase in blood pressure. Production is reduced with the help of drugs, which makes vascular stenosis impossible. Names: Perineva, Perindopril, Prestarium.
• Adrenergic blockers (alpha and beta). Reduces the sensitivity of receptors to adrenaline, cortisol and other substances. Carvedilol, Anaprilin, Nebivolol.

Other drugs are rarely prescribed.

For endocrine disorders - replacement or corrective therapy.

Surgical intervention is required in extreme cases: atherosclerosis at an advanced stage, heart defects, rhythm disturbances with Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks, pathologies of the kidneys and arteries, tumors of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, etc.

Phytomethods

Can only be used as an auxiliary method, and not to replace medications.

Recipes:

• Chamomile tea. 100 grams of crushed raw materials per 300 ml of water. Drink 2 glasses a day for a month.
• Chokeberry tincture. 200 grams per 500 ml of vodka or alcohol. Prepared for 21 days, use 2 tablespoons 3 times. Course - 30 days.
• A decoction of valerian, motherwort with mint and St. John's wort. Pour 100 grams of mixture with 300 ml of water. 2 r. per glass for 21 days.

Lifestyle change

The main method of correcting hypertension in the early stages. The following events are scheduled:

• Quitting smoking and alcohol.
• Normalization of physical activity (2-hour walks in the fresh air per day).
• Optimization of the drinking regime (1.5-1.8 liters).
• Sleep at least 8 hours.

The diet is also put in order.

What to drink with high blood pressure

Only a doctor should choose what to drink for high blood pressure. The occurrence of hypertension is individual in nature, therefore treatment should be prescribed according to the specific case. For hypertension the following are prescribed:

• diuretics;
• sulfonamides;
• calcium channel blockers;
• sartans;
• beta-blockers and other groups of pharmacological drugs.