Rules for taking Eufillin: indications and contraindications

• October 9, 2018
• Pulmonology
• Natalia Balagurova

Produced in the form of a solution, "Eufillin" is an effective bronchodilator. The product is quite cheap, helps well with various diseases, but can cause side effects, so it must be used carefully. The drug inhibits the activity of purine receptors and reduces the ability of smooth muscle fibers to contract. "Eufillin" is used in accordance with the program developed by the doctor and only as prescribed by a specialist. Let's consider the main features of this medication and the rules for its use.

Technical information

The Eufillin solution is made transparent. The liquid is colorless or may be very lightly colored. The presence of solid elements is not allowed, there should be no sediment or flakes. The manufacturer indicates in the accompanying documentation the need to sell Eufillin only if the patient has an official prescription issued by a doctor, confirmed by stamps. "Eufillin" is presented for sale in cardboard boxes containing a dozen 10 ml ampoules. And in each such ampoule, in addition to the auxiliary ingredients, there is 25 mg of the active substance.

According to the instructions accompanying the ampoule, “Eufillin” is produced using aminophylline. It is this compound that is the main substance that guarantees the bronchodilator effect. Specially prepared and purified water is included as an auxiliary compound. The level of its processing is deep enough that this liquid can be injected into the body without fear. "Eufillin" belongs to the category of phosphodiesterase inhibitory drugs. This is a bronchodilator.

In what cases is a dropper used?

The choice of injectable bronchodilators is most often a last resort or used as an exception (if alternative care is not possible). A dropper with "Eufillin" is prescribed for the following conditions:

• severe and/or prolonged attack of suffocation (status asthmaticus);
• the need to quickly eliminate bronchospasm (of any origin);
• as part of the combined treatment of hypertension in the pulmonary circulation (pulmonary);
• a combination of cardiac asthma and other respiratory disorders that are associated with bronchial spasm;
• treatment of severe autonomic crises in the presence of atherosclerotic lesions of cerebral vessels;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency;
• one of the components of first aid for cerebral edema;
• osteochondrosis (usually of the cervical spine);
• acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA, stroke).

Pharmacology

The instructions accompanying the Eufillin ampoules indicate that the drug belongs to the PDE category. The main active agent is theophyllion ethylenediamine salt. Such a chemical molecule quickly dissolves and is effectively absorbed upon penetration into organic tissues. The active compound promotes the expansion of bronchial lumens. It is assumed that this effect is explained by the fact that the active substance relaxes the smooth muscle fibers of the respiratory system, thereby correcting the activity of the blood vessels of the pulmonary system and the respiratory muscles. The scientists who conducted the study of aminophylline believe that this effect is associated with selective inhibition of the activity of a number of PDEs. As a consequence, the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP increases.

Intended for intravenous infusion, "Eufillin", as stated in the accompanying official documentation from the manufacturer, contains an ingredient that can affect the body due to the third and fourth types of isoenzymes, which become less active. Potential side effects caused by the drug are associated with these same processes and features. For example, it is noted that theophylline can cause a decrease in blood pressure and the appearance of a gag reflex. The active ingredient of the drug inhibits purine receptors. Scientists believe that this fact is one of the aspects of the complex effect on the bronchial system.

Analogs

Instead of Euphyllin, the following drugs can be used:

1. Aminophylline-Eskom is a complete analogue of the drug Eufillin. The drug is produced in the form of a solution for administration into a vein. It can be used in children from 3 years of age. In cases where the benefit to the mother outweighs the harm to the child, the medication can be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women.
2. Teopek is a substitute for Eufillin in the therapeutic group. The drug is available in regular and extended-release tablets. The medicine can be prescribed to patients over 3 years of age, pregnant women and breastfeeding women.
3. Theotard contains theophylline as an active ingredient. The medicine is produced in long-acting capsules, approved for children over 6 years of age. They should be taken with caution during pregnancy and lactation.
4. Theostat is a substitute for Eufillin in the clinical and pharmacological group. It is produced in divisible, long-acting tablets, suitable for children from 3 years of age. According to strict indications, the drug can be used during pregnancy.
5. Aerophyllin. Contains doxophylline as the main component. Its advantage is that it does not affect the transport of calcium ions and does not block adenosine receptors. This reduces the likelihood of side effects on the heart, kidneys, blood vessels and nervous system.
6. Neophylline. Contains theophylline and is an analogue of Euphyllin.
7. Theotard. It also contains theophylline, but is available in capsules that have a prolonged action.
8. Puroxan. Available in syrup form, approved for use in children. The active ingredient is doxophylline, which has fewer side effects.

Nuances of efficiency

Intended for intravenous administration, "Eufillin" allows you to stabilize the activity of the respiratory system, thereby leveling excess reactivity, if associated with inhalation of allergens. The effect of the drug is observed at a late stage of the body’s response to the penetration of the stimulus. At the moment, it is not possible to clarify in detail which mechanism ensures the effectiveness of the drug. Scientists have found that it is associated with inhibition of PDE and is not due to inhibition of adenosine activity. Some tests and studies have shown that under the influence of aminophylline, the content of T-suppressors in the peripheral circulatory system increases. At the same time, such cellular structures become more active.

In the accompanying instructions for Eufillin injections, the manufacturer indicates the fact that mucociliary clearance increases under the influence of the active component. At the same time, the drug causes diaphragm contractions and stabilizes the functionality of the muscular system of the respiratory organs and ribs. The substance activates the respiratory center and makes it more susceptible to carbon dioxide. It has been established that the medication can improve the quality of ventilation at the level of the alveoli. As a result, the severity of each new episode of apnea decreases and the frequency of such events decreases. Under the influence of the medication, respiratory function is stabilized, the blood is more effectively filled with oxygen molecules, and the concentration of carbon dioxide will drop. "Eufillin" helps to activate pulmonary ventilation when there is a lack of potassium in the body.

Pharmacological properties

Euphyllin belongs to the group of xanthines. It contains the main active ingredient - theophylline. The drug has a dilating effect on the bronchi, relaxing their smooth muscles and eliminating spasms. In addition, it improves the functioning of the cilia of the respiratory tract epithelium, improves the contractions of the diaphragmatic, intercostal and other respiratory muscles. Eufillin stimulates the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, improves pulmonary ventilation, oxygen saturation of the blood and reduces the carbon dioxide content in it, that is, normalizes respiratory function.

The mechanism of action of Eufillin is the inhibition of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, due to which cAMP accumulates in the tissues, the flow of calcium ions into the cells, which are responsible for muscle contraction, is reduced, and this relaxes the bronchial muscles.

According to the instructions, aminophylline stimulates cardiac activity, increasing the frequency and force of myocardial contraction. It can reduce the tone of blood vessels, mainly the skin, kidneys and brain. By having a relaxing effect on the venous walls in the pulmonary circulation, the drug reduces pressure in it.

The use of Eufillin improves blood supply to the kidneys, thereby increasing the formation and excretion of urine.

The drug slows down platelet aggregation and makes red blood cells more resistant to damage, that is, it improves the rheological properties of blood.

Eufillin is known to have a tocolytic effect on the uterus; it also increases the acidity of gastric juice.

The product is well absorbed from the digestive tract, its bioavailability reaches 100%. When taken simultaneously with food, absorption slows down somewhat. It passes into breast milk and through the placenta. Euphyllin metabolism occurs in the liver, and it is excreted from the body in the urine.

Multifaceted effect

The instructions for use accompanying Euphyllin injections clarify the presence of a stimulating effect of the drug on cardiac function. The strength of organ contractions increases, heart rate increases, and coronary blood flow stabilizes. Under the influence of the drug, the myocardium more actively consumes oxygen molecules. At the same time, the tone of the vascular walls decreases, and the effect is mainly observed in the kidneys, skin, and brain. Venodilating peripheral effects were noted. "Eufillin" helps reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and activates renal blood flow. The main ingredient has a moderate diuretic effect. The paths of bile flow outside the liver under the influence of theophylline become somewhat wider.

The drug is capable of stabilizing the membrane cellular structures of mast cells - the manufacturer indicates this in the instructions for intramuscular use of Eufillin. The drug is produced in ampoules, produced for injection administration in order to slow down the release of allergy mediators. Platelet aggregation, a platelet activating factor, is inhibited. The resistance of red blood cells to deformation increases, and the rheological properties of blood become better. "Eufillin" helps reduce the ability of blood to form into blood clots, stabilizes the flow of fluid at the level of the smallest vessels. A tocolytic effect was revealed. "Eufillin" leads to an increase in the acidity level of juices secreted in the stomach. If you take the medication in too high a dose, an epileptogenic effect is possible.

Composition and action

"Eufillin" is produced in 2 dosage forms - tablets for oral administration and a solution for injections and droppers. The main component of the drug is theophylline, which relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, dilates the vascular walls of the heart muscle, reduces the resistance of blood vessels, increases the volume of blood passing through the kidney, and reduces the pressure in the pulmonary artery. In addition, theophylline prevents platelet aggregation and helps to increase the excretion of excess fluid and electrolytes, in particular sodium and chlorine ions, along with urine.

Thus, “Eufillin” has the following therapeutic effects:

• regulates muscle contractility;
• stimulates lung ventilation;
• increases stomach acidity;
• improves respiratory function;
• relaxes bronchial muscles;
• improves blood movement in tissues;
• enhances urine production, expands the bile ducts.

After taking Eufillin, high blood pressure may drop, since the medicine reduces the tone of blood vessels and, by relaxing them, lowers blood pressure.

Kinetics

The manufacturer describes the reactions occurring in the body after using the drug intramuscularly in the instructions for use of Eufillin. Ampoules must be equipped with such a document. It clarifies the fact that aminophylline, upon entering the human body, soon enters into transformation processes if the acidity level is average, inherent in the human body. During the interaction, theophylline is released. Bronchodilating properties can be observed when the concentration of this compound in the circulatory system reaches 10-20 μg/ml. If the content exceeds 20 units, the drug has a toxic effect and can be regarded as a toxin. The center responsible for respiration is excited when the active ingredient is contained in the circulatory system in an amount of 5-10 units.

The instructions for use accompanying the Eufillin ampoule clarify the ability of theophylline to form strong bonds with whey proteins. On average, about 40% of the received dose enters into such reactions. In the presence of any pathologies, as well as in infancy, the binding rate is observed to be lower. In adults, protein binding can reach 60%, while in infants it is no more than 36%. If hepatic cirrhosis is detected, on average, approximately 36% of theophylline is bound to plasma proteins. The active compound is able to penetrate the placenta barrier. The plasma concentration inherent in the fetus is slightly higher than that observed in the mother's body. Theophylline is found in milk secreted by women's mammary glands.

Eufillin for blood pressure

The drug "Eufillin" is used to improve the functionality of bronchial smooth muscles, improve blood flow and oxygen saturation.
The medicine is available in tablets, solutions and ampoules. Used when bronchodilator manipulation and therapy are necessary.

The instructions indicate the recommended dosage of the drug for each individual category, but the exact amount should be prescribed individually by the treating doctor. Dispensed by prescription.

Release form, composition and mechanism of action

The drug "Eufillin" is intended to eliminate spasms of the (smooth) muscles of the bronchi, reducing its resistance through relaxation. In this case, the medicine:

• has a beneficial effect on the functionality of epithelial cilia (respiratory tract);
• regulates muscle contraction (diaphragmatic, intercostal, respiratory);
• activates the breathing center in the medulla oblongata;
• stimulates lung ventilation;
• increases stomach pH;
• lowers the concentration of carbon dioxide in the lungs and increases oxygen levels;
• improves respiratory function.

It belongs to the phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Available in the form of round, flat tablets. The color is white and there is a dividing line on one side.

Packaged in blisters of 10 pcs and packaged in cardboard boxes with instructions for use. Also available in sealed plastic jars (30 pcs). The active substance is theophylline (aminophylline).

Eufillin is also sold in solution or injection format.

Indications for use

The drug is used for bronchial asthma and bronchospasms.

"Eufillin" is prescribed as the only remedy for getting rid of the disease, and in combination with other methods. Useful for hypertension, lowers blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and relieving oxygen starvation of tissues and organ cells. Indications for its use are:

• bronchial asthma;
• bronchial obstructive syndrome;
• chronic lung diseases;
• emphysema;
• Chronical bronchitis;
• pulmonary pressure increase;
• pulmonary heart syndrome;
• night apnea.

For prevention or in combination therapy, it helps to cure ischemic type of cerebrovascular accident, syndrome of renal origin.

Method of using "Eufillin" for pressure

The method of introducing Eufillin into the patient’s body depends on the form of release of the drug. Solution - intravenously or intramuscularly (parenteral administration). Doctors use this method in critical and emergency situations.

The dosage is selected individually, based on the clinical picture of the disease, weight, age and condition of the patient. The instructions recommend administering 6 mg of medication for every 1 kg of patient weight. Dilute the solution with sodium chloride and inject slowly.

Tablets are taken orally, 15 mg of Eufillin, after eating, with a small amount of water.

Contraindications to treatment

If there are changes in heart rhythm, taking Eufillin is not recommended.

You cannot use the drug "Eufillin" if you have a high sensitivity to the components or an allergic reaction to it. Also, the use of:

• in the acute stage of myocardial infarction;
• if tachyarrhythmia is detected;
• with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction;
• when diagnosing stomach or duodenal ulcers;
• against the background of epilepsy;
• if you have kidney and liver diseases;
• with hyperthyroidism.

Should not be used for severe chronic high or low blood pressure. The drug injection is not administered for angina pectoris, pulmonary edema, vascular atherosclerosis, extrasystole, hemorrhagic stroke, hyperthyroidism, porphyria, sepsis. "Eufillin" belongs to the group of xanthines. The use of droppers or tablets for elderly people is not advisable and requires special care.

Side effects

Adversely affects the nervous system, causing dizziness, headaches, restlessness, anxiety and stress. Can cause a decrease in blood pressure readings, the occurrence of tachycardia and arrhythmia.

Dermatological manifestations include allergies, redness of the skin in the form of a rash and toothache of the epidermis. The patient often feels pain in the chest area and increased sweating. Affects the gastrointestinal tract.

Frequent occurrence of nausea, diarrhea, vomiting.

Drug interactions

It is prohibited to use the drug with other medications without a doctor’s recommendation.

Self-prescription of "Eufillin" in complex and monotherapy is prohibited.

Once in the human body, the active substance reaches its maximum concentration 2 hours after use. Some components of other medications may enhance the effect of aminophylline, while others may reduce it.

Below is a table describing the interaction of the drug with other components.

ComponentImpact

The solution is combined exclusively with sodium chloride and no other components. Upon administration, the acidity of the solution is measured. Tea and coffee are excluded from the diet while using Eufillin.

special instructions

People with hypertension or hypotension should use the medication with caution.

People with very high or low blood pressure should be careful when using the drug "Eufillin". In hypertensive patients, blood pressure increases; in rare cases, in hypotensive patients, blood pressure can drop. At a concentration of 0.01-0.02 mg/ml theophylline, a bronchodilator effect is achieved.

At 0.005 to 0.01 mg/ml, arrhythmia appears. Infants and elderly people aged 55 years and above are treated with Euphyllin with special caution. When using Eufillin, the patient adjusts his diet and excludes teas, coffee, mate drink, cocoa and chocolate from the diet. Pregnant women are required to remember the possible negative effects of the drug on the fetus.

Conditions of release and storage

"Eufillin" is sold in pharmacy chains and is available only with a doctor's prescription. The maximum shelf life is 2 years from the date of manufacture (date indicated on the drug packaging).

Can be stored in a dry, dark place out of reach of children. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and high humidity.

Storage temperature should be in the range of 15-25 degrees.

Analogues of the drug

Analogs to the drug are various medications that can normalize the functioning of the bronchi and balance pulmonary pressure. They are prescribed according to the clinical picture of the disease and the patient’s sensitivity to the components of the drug.

Well-known substitute drugs are Aminophylline-Eskom, Eufillin-Pharm, Eufillin-Darnitsa, Neoteopek A, Teobiolong, Theobromine, Teotard, Teofedrin-N, Theophylline, "Dopegit." Magnesia has a similar property.

Source: https://EtoDavlenie.ru/preparaty/diuretiki/eufillin-pri-davlenii.html

Pharmacokinetics: continuing consideration

The manufacturer, in the instructions for use accompanying the Eufillin ampoules, specifies: theophylline is processed by liver cells. The process occurs with the involvement of cytochrome isoenzymes. The most significant is CYP1A2. The transformation is accompanied by the generation of trimethylxanthine and a number of acids. All reaction products are eliminated by urine. In its original form, no more than one tenth of the dose taken is excreted from the body of an adult patient. In infants, an impressive percentage is eliminated as caffeine, since the internal systems responsible for processing it have not yet been formed. In its original form, about half of the dose used is eliminated from the body.

The half-life of asthmatics who are not addicted to smoking is estimated at 6-12 hours, if there are no pronounced pathological processes in other organs. For smokers, the period is reduced to 4-5 hours, for children the parameter is estimated at an hour to five hours, and for infants and premature births it varies between 10-45 hours. The half-life becomes longer in the elderly, as well as in patients suffering from cardiac insufficiency. The duration may increase due to liver diseases. Clearance becomes less with liver failure and pulmonary edema, COPD. Its decrease can be caused by chronic dependence on alcohol and heart failure. Ethylenediamine does not adjust the kinetic parameters of theophylline.

special instructions

With caution and under more careful supervision, the drug is prescribed to patients with:

1. Viral infection.
2. Cardiovascular diseases.
3. Prostatic hyperplasia.
4. Hypoxia.
5. Diabetes mellitus.
6. Glaucoma, as well as people over 60 years of age.

With accelerated elimination of theophylline (for example, in smokers), an increase in the dose of the drug is required.

Drinking coffee and tea may enhance the pharmacological effects of Euphyllin.

When is it recommended?

Indications for the use of Eufillin are status asthmaticus and apnea, including in infants. You can use the remedy if there are problems with blood flow in the brain, characterized by an ischemic type of flow. The drug is used as an element of complex treatment. The drug can be prescribed to persons with insufficient left ventricular activity, accompanied by bronchial spasm and respiratory disorders corresponding to the Cheyne-Stokes description. It is recommended to administer the medication intravenously against the background of edema syndrome caused by improper functioning of the kidneys, in combination with other drugs. In case of insufficiency of the heart, you can use Euphyllin both in the acute type and in the chronic case - but strictly in combination with other medications.

Effect on the body

When using aminophylline, the work of the muscles between the ribs and the ventilation of the alveolar space improves. The drug enhances the local immune defense of the mucous membranes from aggressive pathogenic agents (viruses, bacteria). It expands the lumen of blood vessels, relieving tension in their walls, and reduces the pressure of blood flow in the lungs. The medicine improves the functioning of the heart muscle, enhances the production of adrenaline, and has a diuretic effect.

The dropper prevents the formation of blood clots and prolongs the life of red blood cells in the body. It relaxes the walls of the uterus during muscle contractions, which threaten premature birth and termination of pregnancy.

Recommended Doses

The optimal format of use, frequency of use and single daily doses are chosen by the attending physician. Not only the indications for use play a role, but also the age of the patient and the method of administration. The treatment program depends on whether the patient smokes, as well as the clinical condition of the patient as a whole.

The instructions for use accompanying the Euphyllin ampoule indicate the need to administer the drug into muscle tissue. The drug should be injected as deeply as possible. Recommended area: gluteal muscle, upper right square. No more than a milliliter of solution should be administered per injection. Injection use up to three times a day is allowed. The duration of the course cannot exceed two weeks. The blood plasma concentration of theophylline should be less than 20 mcg/ml.

When administered intramuscularly, the maximum single dose for an adult is 0.5 g. You cannot receive more than one and a half grams per day. For a minor, up to 7 mg/kg can be administered at a time. The maximum daily dose is 15 mg/kg.

The instructions for use included with Eufillina ampoules indicate that in some cases individual correction of the treatment program is necessary. In particular, this is possible with heart failure and liver disorders. As a rule, dosages are adjusted if the patient is chronically dependent on alcohol. In old age, reduced doses should be used, no more than 0.3 g per procedure. For those dependent on nicotine products, the dosage is increased, since theophylline is absorbed from the body faster. Up to 0.7 g of the drug can be administered in one procedure.

Special Recommendations

With caution, the medical drug "Eufillin" is used intramuscularly according to the instructions for severe coronary vascular insufficiency (angina pectoris, acute stage of infarction), obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, widespread atherosclerosis, rapid ventricular extrasystoles, high convulsive readiness, liver or kidney failure, recent bleeding from the digestive organs tract, with peptic ulcer disease, uncontrolled hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, with prolonged increase in body temperature, prostate hypertrophy, gastroesophageal reflux, in elderly patients and in children.

Aminophylline dosage adjustment may be necessary for heart failure, liver dysfunction, fever, long-term alcoholism, and acute respiratory viral infections. In elderly patients, a dosage reduction may be required.

Aminophylline is not used simultaneously with other xanthine derivatives. During therapy, you should avoid eating foods that contain xanthine derivatives. The medication is used with caution simultaneously with purine derivatives and anticoagulants. Combined use with glucose and beta-blockers should be avoided.

Is it possible to inject Eufillin intramuscularly? It is now known.

Undesirable effects

The possibility of such is indicated by the instructions accompanying the Eufillina tablets and ampoules. Injections of this drug are more likely to cause side effects if the medication is administered unreasonably quickly. Some people experience heart pain and low blood pressure. This is also possible in the fetus if the drug is used by a pregnant woman. Under the influence of the drug, headaches and dizziness may occur; some people experience sleep disturbances and anxiety. May vomit and feel sick, there is a risk of heartburn and ulcers, bowel dysfunction. Some people have increased levels of albumin and blood in their urine. There is a possibility of allergies, manifested in the form of skin rashes and fever.

Occasionally, taking the drug is accompanied by hypoglycemia. The instructions for using Eufillin, which describe the features of intramuscular and intravenous administration, warn of the possibility of a local reaction. In the area where the drug is administered, the skin may become red, increase its density, and feel pain. Occasionally, tachypnea is observed. Some complained of hot flashes, chest pain, increased urine output, and excessive activity of the sweat glands.

Side effects and overdose

Side effects occur when the dosage regimen is incorrectly selected. These include:

• tachypnea;
• chest pain;
• flushed face;
• increased sweating;
• hematuria;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• albuminuria;
• hypoglycemia;
• fever;
• rashes on the skin;
• itching;
• loss of appetite;
• change in taste preferences;
• exacerbation of ulcers;
• uncontrollable vomiting;
• heartburn;
• pain in the epigastric region;
• diarrhea;
• attacks of nausea;
• uncontrolled angina pectoris;
• decreased blood pressure;
• cardialgia;
• cardiopalmus;
• arrhythmia;
• sleep disorders (drowsiness/insomnia);
• tremor;
• psycho-emotional overexcitation (anxiety, aggression, irritability);
• dizziness;
• headache.

Ailments are often dose-dependent, so experts recommend that if side effects occur, adjust the dosage regimen downward.

Symptoms of overdose develop with a multiple increase in the daily dose. The characteristic features are:

• convulsions, sensitivity to light or sound;
• tremor;
• arrhythmia;
• overexcitement;
• hyperemia of the skin;
• uncontrollable vomiting;
• prolonged diarrhea.

Eufillin does not have a specific antidote. A patient who experiences symptoms of overdose must be taken to the nearest medical facility: gastric lavage and taking enterosorbents will not help in this case. Removal of toxins is carried out by enhancing the processes of natural detoxification (formed diuresis).

If the dose introduced into the body exceeds 0.5 mg/ml, then the patient is provided with respiratory support (artificial ventilation), hemodialysis, hemosorption and plasmapheresis are performed. A physician should monitor hemodynamic parameters. If the patient experiences convulsions, Diazepam is administered intramuscularly. Barbiturates are strictly prohibited.

When the drug should not be taken

Eufillin injections are prohibited if a person has high or low pressure in the arteries and the condition is assessed as severe. The drug should not be used for tachyarrhythmia. Contraindications include peptic ulcers of the stomach and intestinal tract, which have worsened at the moment, as well as severe disruptions in the functioning of the liver and kidneys.

Eufillin should not be prescribed to epileptics or against the background of gastritis, which generates an excess amount of acids in the gastrointestinal tract. Prescription restrictions are considered to be hemorrhagic stroke and hemorrhage affecting the ophthalmological system, in particular the retina. Eufillin should not be prescribed to children if there is a need to use ephedrine. Under the age of three, the product is not recommended to be used in principle. The drug should not be administered if the patient’s body is overly susceptible to theophylline or aminophylline.

Side effects of Eufillin

After taking the medicine, patients may experience anxiety and insomnia. They feel dizzy, their limbs cramp, and muscle tremors begin. At the same time, the work of the heart muscle is disrupted, and heart palpitations begin. After the injections, a migraine occurs, the patient is agitated and quickly becomes irritated.

If a woman is pregnant, then rapid heartbeat and arrhythmia may occur when taking the medicine in the last months of the term. In addition, angina develops and blood pressure rises. With a long course of treatment with aminophylline, appetite may decrease, nausea may occur, and there may be attacks of vomiting. Sometimes the drug provokes diarrhea or the development of stomach and duodenal ulcers.

• Side effects can manifest themselves in the form of a skin rash, a person has a fever, and itching appears.
• Pain in the sternum may develop, diuresis increases, and the person sweats profusely.
• Often it is enough to simply reduce the dose of the medicine to minimize the side effects that occur.
• After the skin is punctured, this area may hurt and swell. There are compactions and swelling there.

Overdose: symptoms and assistance to the patient

After administering too large a dose of medication, appetite worsens, diarrhea develops, vomiting blood occurs, and nausea occurs. After an overdose, tachycardia may begin and internal gastric bleeding may develop. Problems with sleep may arise, convulsions and tremors in the limbs begin, photophobia and tachycardia develop.

When the dose is increased, the patient may become agitated, have epileptic attacks, develop hypokalemia, and drop blood pressure. The person often experiences confusion and kidney failure.

To stop the symptoms and improve the condition, it is necessary to discontinue the drug. The patient's stomach is washed, laxatives and activated charcoal are given. Symptomatic treatment is also carried out with metoclopramide and ondansetron if the patient vomits. For convulsions, oxygen therapy with airway support is recommended.

For epileptic seizures, the patient must be given an intravenous injection of diazepam. If a person vomits severely, intravenous injections of metoclopramide and ondansetron should be administered.

Application nuances

The medicine should be used with caution for heart attacks, angina pectoris, and atherosclerosis. Under the supervision of a doctor, treatment is carried out for renal and liver failure, for stomach or gastrointestinal ulcers. Treatment should be monitored for hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and prostatic hypertrophy.

Popular We increase immunity with Bronchomunal and similar analogues

The drug should be used with caution to treat the elderly and children. This is especially true when taking pills.

A reduction in dosage may be necessary if there is a dysfunction of the liver, with chronic alcohol dependence, if a person has a fever, or with an acute respiratory disease. Dose reduction is possible when treatment is prescribed to an elderly person. If a medicine with the same active substance is chosen, regular tests should be carried out to determine its concentration in the blood.

1. During treatment, you should not drink strongly brewed tea and coffee, or take theophylline and purine derivatives.
2. Do not combine the drug with beta-blockers.
3. It is not recommended to give injections if you are driving a car or other machinery. The ingredients of the drug, being absorbed into the blood, distract attention, and the severity of reactions is lost.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding period

The documentation accompanying the Eufillina ampoule specifies the ability of the active ingredient to penetrate the placenta barrier. The use of aminophylline by pregnant women is accompanied by the risk of increased caffeine and theophylline in the child's blood serum. Such indicators can become dangerous to the health and life of the child. If a woman was forced to receive Eufillin injections during pregnancy, especially if this accompanied the third trimester of pregnancy, the baby should be examined immediately after birth. It is recommended to monitor the child in order to detect theophylline poisoning in time.

If a woman feeds her baby naturally and receives Eufillin injections during this period, the likelihood of irritating the baby increases. This is due to the fact that theophylline’s ability to penetrate into the substance secreted by the mammary glands was revealed.

In the instructions for use accompanying the Eufillin solution, the manufacturer discusses in detail the specifics of using the medication by pregnant and lactating women. The manufacturer advises prescribing this drug only when the obvious benefits of the therapeutic course significantly outweigh the possible dangers to the child. A woman should be aware of all the risks accompanying the treatment program.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

The drug substance of the drug penetrates the placenta, and therefore the use of aminophylline during pregnancy can lead to the creation of potentially dangerous levels of the active substance and caffeine in the blood of the newborn baby. Children whose mothers received aminophylline during pregnancy need medical monitoring of possible signs of intoxication in the first days of life.

Theophylline is excreted in breast milk. When using the drug during lactation, the child may experience excessive agitation and irritability. In this regard, the use of this drug during pregnancy and lactation can be prescribed only in cases where the benefit of therapy for the mother is higher than the potential risk for the child.

Features of application

As can be concluded from the instructions for use of Eufillin, the dosage of the drug in some cases must be adjusted individually. This is required by advanced age and specific diseases, including those affecting cardiac activity. If a patient was initially prescribed aminophylline in one form and then decided to replace it with another, doctors should check the blood serum to take into account the concentration of the active component. Detailed clinical observation is recommended.

It is prohibited to simultaneously prescribe Eufillin and xanthine derivatives to a patient. If a course of the described drug is prescribed, you should exclude from the diet foods that contain xanthine compounds - tea, high-strength coffee. If you need to take blood thinning medications, you need to be especially careful. Caution is required in combination with purines and theophylline derivatives. You should not use Eufillin if the patient needs beta-blockers. It is not recommended to use aminophylline in combination with glucose solution.

Contraindications

Injection administration of the drug is contraindicated in the following cases:

• hypersensitivity to aminophylline and other xanthine derivatives;
• angina pectoris;
• myocardial infarction in the acute stage;
• acute heart failure;
• extrasystole;
• paroxysmal tachycardia;
• pulmonary edema;
• severe arterial hypertension/hypotension;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• a history of any sudden bleeding;
• hemorrhage in the tissue of the retina;
• peptic ulcer at the acute stage;
• epilepsy;
• increased threshold of convulsive readiness;
• gastroesophageal reflux (GER);
• uncontrolled hypothyroidism;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• porphyria;
• sepsis;
• dysfunction of the liver or kidneys.

Can everyone inject Eufillin intramuscularly?

Due to the likelihood of side effects, it is not recommended to use the solution in children under 14 years of age. In children over 3 years of age, this medicine can be used exclusively for emergency indications, for a period of no more than 14 days.

Patient Experience

Reviews and instructions for use of Eufillin indicate that the product really helps asthmatics well. As can be seen from open sources, opinions in general about the effectiveness and balance of the drug are positive, and the average rating on a five-point scale exceeds 4.5 points, which indicates the high quality of the product. People who used the drug admit that they sometimes encountered side effects, but they were relatively insignificant against the backdrop of the positive features of the therapeutic course.

As noted in the instructions for use of Eufillin, injections of this drug can cause anorexia. From the reviews you can see that some use the product to get rid of extra pounds. Although this use cannot be called correct, in general it rarely harms the body, as people who took aminophylline in this way believe. Doctors, however, do not recommend injecting this drug as part of the fight against excess weight, since the risk of side effects is increased.

People who have used the drug note its affordable price. Many believe that the cost-quality ratio for Eufillin is exceptionally good, therefore, among similar pharmaceutical products, this one is the best.

Contraindications and side effects

According to the instructions, Eufillin should not be used for the treatment of high blood pressure in patients with the following pathological conditions:

For hemorrhagic stroke, the drug is contraindicated.

• hypersensitivity to the components of the medication;
• fast heart rate;
• acute phase of myocardial infarction;
• epilepsy;
• HCM;
• worsened ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;
• severe impairment of kidney and liver function;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• hyperacid gastritis;
• severe hypertension and hypotension.

The pharmaceutical drug is strictly contraindicated for children under 6 years of age. Eufillin should be used with extreme caution in patients with increased convulsive readiness, angina pectoris and vascular atherosclerosis. In addition, when using the medication, caution should be exercised in patients who have been diagnosed with prostate adenoma, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as a disease characterized by reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Women carrying a child, nursing mothers and the elderly need to approach high blood pressure therapy with Eufillin with extreme caution.

When using a theophylline-based drug, undesirable effects may develop, such as:

The drug may have a side effect such as irritability.

• anaphylactic shock;
• itching, skin rash;
• anxiety, sleep disturbances, irritability;
• convulsions, tremors;
• arrhythmia, rapid heartbeat, drop in blood pressure;
• urge to vomit, burning sensation in the esophagus;
• loss of appetite;
• difficulty urinating;
• increased sweating, feeling of heat.

Mutual influence

The combination of the drug under consideration and drugs from the class of sympathomimetics is accompanied by a mutual increase in activity, as mentioned in the instructions for use for Eufillin ampoules. Intravenously administered medication leads to a weakening of the effectiveness of beta-blockers, reduces the effectiveness of lithium formulations, and at the same time, in this combination itself shows a relatively weak effect. It is possible to correct the severity of the result of use if the patient uses phenytoin, carbamazepine, or takes rifampicin. Due to the increase in clearance, Eufillin shows a weaker effect in smokers and people undergoing a therapeutic course using phenobarbital, isoniazid, sulfinpyrazone.

There is a possibility of an increase in the activity of aminophylline when combined with antimicrobial macrolides, quinolones, contraceptives intended for oral use, which change hormonal levels. An increase in effectiveness can be observed when taken in combination with beta-blockers and lincomycin. This effect can be provoked by allopurinol and cimetidine. There is a possibility that Eufillin will be more effective if the patient takes viloxazine, isoprenaline, or fluvoxamine. A similar result may occur if a person receives a flu vaccine.

The use of xanthine derivatives is associated with an increased risk of potassium deficiency in the body. This effect is associated with the activation of type 2 stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors. The risk of potassium deficiency increases if the patient is prescribed diuretics or hormonal steroid medications. Enterosorbents and anti-diarrhea medications reduce the body's ability to absorb aminophylline.

Instructions for use

The drug is taken orally with water. You can also administer it intramuscularly or intravenously in emergency or critical situations. Due to severe tissue irritation, the medicine is not administered subcutaneously.

The dosage and frequency of administration is determined by the doctor, taking into account the severity of the disease, the patient’s age, general health and the presence of concomitant pathologies.

For oral use, 1 tablet is usually prescribed 2-3 times a day after meals. The interval between doses is 4-6 hours.

For pediatric patients, the dosage is reduced, calculating it according to an age scale or a special formula.

It is not recommended to use the drug before bed due to the fact that it has an stimulating effect. If necessary, take sleeping pills at the same time.

Are there any analogues?

Pharmaceutical products contain aminophylline, like Eufilin:

• "Aminophylline".
• "Aminomal."
• "Diaphilin".

The preparations Teopek and Teotard are similar in belonging to the same group, but differ in ingredients. They also belong to the class of bronchodilators that inhibit phosphodiesterase. From this class, quite popular pharmaceutical products are “Apo-Oxtrifillin”, “Afonium”, “Ventax”.

If necessary, replacing the prescribed drug with an alternative is important and it is necessary to coordinate the choice of an analogue with the doctor. Unsuccessful selection of a replacement will cause the ineffectiveness of the therapeutic course, and is also associated with the danger of undesirable effects.

Method of using "Eufillin" for pressure

The method of introducing Eufillin into the patient’s body depends on the form of release of the drug. Solution - intravenously or intramuscularly (parenteral administration). Doctors use this method in critical and emergency situations. The dosage is selected individually, based on the clinical picture of the disease, weight, age and condition of the patient. The instructions recommend administering 6 mg of medication for every 1 kg of patient weight. Dilute the solution with sodium chloride and inject slowly. Tablets are taken orally, 15 mg of Eufillin, after eating, with a small amount of water.

Drug interactions

It is prohibited to use the drug with other medications without a doctor’s recommendation.
Self-prescription of "Eufillin" in complex and monotherapy is prohibited. Once in the human body, the active substance reaches its maximum concentration 2 hours after use. Some components of other medications may enhance the effect of aminophylline, while others may reduce it. Below is a table describing the interaction of the drug with other components.

The solution is combined exclusively with sodium chloride and no other components. Upon administration, the acidity of the solution is measured. Tea and coffee are excluded from the diet while using Eufillin.