At what pressure should hypertension be treated?

Hello, dear friends!

Today I decided to tackle such a problem as hypertension and talk to you about how to defeat hypertension?

I strongly suspect that by the end of this conversation you will have, if not a brain explosion, then something very close to it, since what I dug up on the Internet and then let through myself turned out to be unexpected for me.

People are not born with high blood pressure, with the exception of some congenital abnormalities of the cardiovascular system.

Usually, in our deep youth, we are all cheerful, cheerful, healthy and have no idea what blood pressure is and where it is located.

But several years pass and then, hello! The pressure begins to “jump”, and someone subsequently develops hypertension.

Why?

To understand this, you need to remember how the cardiovascular system works.

An excursion into the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system

The heart is the main pump that pumps blood into the vessels. She runs through the vessels to every organ of our body to water and feed it. Every living thing must drink and eat, on time and in sufficient quantity . Otherwise it dies.

There are four chambers inside the heart: two atria and two ventricles. They are separated from each other by partitions and valves.

The heart either contracts, and this is called systole, or relaxes, and this is called diastole.

During systole, the volume of the chambers decreases and blood is released into the vessels.

Systolic pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels during heart contraction.

During diastole, the chambers expand again and fill with blood.

Diastolic pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels when the heart relaxes.

The heart valves open when necessary, and close when necessary, so that blood flows only in the right direction.

Arteries are vessels through which blood flows from the heart. Their walls have a well-developed muscle layer, thanks to which the arteries contract and relax, forcing the blood to move.

There are also elastic fibers in the walls of the arteries, so they can stretch when pressure increases and then return to their original state.

The tone of the walls of blood vessels, their ability to stretch and contract depending on small pressure surges, which are completely natural during the day, depend on muscle and elastic fibers.

Veins are vessels through which blood flows to the heart after it has “fed” the body and taken with it “dirty dishes,” that is, cell waste products.

The blood pressure in them is much lower. Apparently, the “dishes” are dragging.

Capillaries are the smallest vessels that can penetrate into every cell. The speed of blood flow there is minimal.

Effective ways to get rid of hypertension

After measuring high blood pressure readings for hypertension, at least initially, pharmacological therapy for hypertension is recommended (home treatment for hypertension, due to the serious health risks, is useful as an adjuvant method).

However, if you start making adjustments to your diet and overall lifestyle as soon as possible, your doctor may reduce the number of times you take or the dose of the medicine you use. Young people can cure hypertension permanently using classical treatment procedures if health becomes their priority in life (radical lifestyle changes are required).

What does blood pressure depend on?

Firstly, on the volume of circulating blood. If the blood volume of an adult is approximately 5 liters, then 2/3 of it is in the vessels.

When the volume of blood in the vessels increases, the pressure increases; when the volume decreases, the pressure decreases.

And in what cases does it (i.e., the volume of circulating blood) increase? For example, in case of kidney diseases, when they cannot cope with the task of removing everything unnecessary.

What should you do in this case?

First of all, improve kidney function.

In the meantime, the court and business, drive the “excess” liquid from the vessels.

The action of diuretics is based on this. They expelled excess fluid, reduced the volume of circulating blood in the vessels, and lowered the pressure.

Secondly, blood pressure depends on the diameter of the vessels through which blood flows. The smaller the diameter, the more the vessel walls resist blood flow, the higher the pressure.

Probably everyone was holding a hose in their hands. Remember how the pressure from it increases if you squeeze it with your fingers? It's the same principle here.

The diameter of blood vessels can decrease in three cases:

1. Spasm, i.e. contraction of muscle fibers of the vascular wall.
2. A cholesterol plaque in the lumen of a vessel, a thrombus, or all together.
3. External factors that put pressure on the vessel from the outside. For example, spasming muscles.

Thirdly, pressure depends on the work of the heart. The more intense the pump works, the more blood it pumps per unit of time, the higher the pressure.

This means that if you force it to contract with less force, then the pressure will decrease.

Is everything clear yet?

Go ahead.

How does the body maintain normal blood pressure levels?

There are two mechanisms for this:

Nervous and humoral.

Nervous regulation is carried out from the brain center. Or rather, from the centers. Such centers are found in the brain (vasomotor and autonomic centers) and in the spinal cord (sympathetic centers). As needed, nerve impulses go from here to the vessels and give them commands: “you need to contract (i.e., narrow the diameter)” or “you can relax.”

Humoral regulation is possible thanks to a large number of hormones (adrenaline, norepinephrine, angiotensin, steroid hormones, etc.), which monitor the work of the heart, vascular tone, and the volume of circulating blood.

In particular, the renin-angiotensin system, which you know, in which the kidneys take part, is part of humoral regulation.

Signs of high blood pressure - hypertension

The presence of hypertension can be determined by the following body signals:

• headache;
• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• nosebleeds;
• insomnia;
• heartbeat;
• chest pain;
• fatigue;
• increased sweating;
• swelling of the ankles;
• visual disturbances;
• dyspnea.

Types of arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension, or simply hypertension, comes in two types:

Symptomatic, or secondary, when an increase in pressure occurs against the background of some disease. This may be a disease of the kidneys (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, polycystic disease, etc.), endocrine glands (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, etc.), heart and large vessels (congenital and acquired defects), central nervous system (tumors, injuries, etc.) .

Symptomatic hypertension accounts for only 5%. Therefore, when a doctor tries to find the cause of high blood pressure, he must first of all exclude these sores by prescribing an appropriate examination.

The remaining 95% is essential or primary hypertension.

An increase in blood pressure can also be caused by taking certain medications, for example, oral contraceptives, analgesics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. So when someone comes to you about high blood pressure, ask if the person is taking any medications.

Hypertension is divided into degrees:

As you can see, a persistent increase in blood pressure above 140/90 is already regarded as hypertension.

You may ask, what does “persistent” mean? This means that such pressure figures persist for at least two months.

Although essential hypertension is considered primary, its culprits are known.

How long do hypertensive people actually live?

1. What is blood pressure
2. Established blood pressure norm
3. How to calculate your personal blood pressure norm
4. Why does hypertension occur?
5. Classification of hypertension
6. How does an unhealthy lifestyle affect a person’s blood pressure levels?
7. How to live with hypertension
8. Common “myths” about hypertension

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There is no affirmative answer to the question of how long hypertensive patients live, since it depends on numerous factors - the overall state of health, lifestyle, climatic aspects, etc. Increased blood pressure is unpleasant and dangerous, but it can and should be fought, and with correct treatment, hypertension in 80 % of cases recede, allowing a person to enjoy life to the fullest.

What is blood pressure

A person’s well-being, mood and performance directly depend on the strength and speed of the body’s blood circulation. The indicator of blood movement through the veins is called blood pressure, since it is measured standardly in the large brachial artery.

The measurement result is given as a pair of numbers:

• Systolic pressure (upper) is an indicator at the moment of maximum contraction of the heart muscle;
• Diastolic pressure (lower) – the level of pressure at minimal load (complete relaxation) of the heart.

Established blood pressure norm

For each person, due to the characteristics of the body, age, lifestyle and professional component, blood pressure may vary. Optimal indicators = 120 to 80 (for an adult of average build), but during pregnancy and lactation, during illnesses and nervous breakdowns, after surgical operations, pressure tends to change.

How to calculate your personal blood pressure norm

To determine the normal blood pressure for a particular person, pressure is measured more than 10 times a day on both arms. To obtain an accurate picture, an in-depth analysis of the indicators will be required - you need to compare pressure during stress, at rest, in a relaxed state, after physical activity, etc.

The need for complex treatment and observation by a doctor is required in a situation where the pressure is elevated in 7 cases out of 30 measurements taken.

Why does hypertension occur?

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is considered one of the most common diseases in the world, and affects both the elderly, middle-aged people and even children. The disease progresses sequentially and unnoticed, which makes it difficult to diagnose in the early stages, so it is impossible to say how long hypertensive patients live.

If you regularly take preventive measures and follow your doctor’s recommendations, you can live with hypertension until you are very old, and if you leave the disease unattended, there is a high risk of getting a stroke that is incompatible with life, even at a young age. There are four main factors that increase the risk of hypertension:

1. Heredity – hypertension is inherited, so if you have hypertension in your family, it is important to be attentive to your health and worry about preventing the disease in advance;
2. Alcohol abuse – regular consumption of alcohol directly affects health, impairs blood circulation and increases the risk of heart attacks, all this leads to disruptions and surges in blood pressure;
3. Excess weight - due to the additional subcutaneous layer of fat, the pressure on the blood vessels increases significantly, which leads to a deterioration in well-being and a malfunction of the main organs;
4. Frequent stress - the nervous system directly affects the blood circulation process, because all body systems are interconnected. Spasms of nerve endings lead to disruption of blood flow, affecting the walls of blood vessels, which ultimately adversely affects blood pressure.

Classification of hypertension

In 1999, the World Health Organization proposed a unified classification of hypertension, which is still relevant today. According to it, there are 3 degrees of blood pressure increase:

• First (soft) – the indicators are 159 to 90/99;
• Second (average) - with a pressure of 179 to 100/109;
• Third (severe) – measurement data 180 or more by 110 or higher.

Patients of the first group often face problems with cerebral circulation, while the second and third groups already suffer from problems with the functioning of internal organs.

Almost all hypertensive patients experience a change in climatic conditions - the body reacts to changes in temperature (with the onset of frost and extreme heat); with increased humidity and magnetic storms, a person feels a deterioration in their health.

How does an unhealthy lifestyle affect a person’s blood pressure levels?

Our bad habits - smoking, strong drinks, abuse of flour products and salt - all this affects the overall well-being of the body and leads to a colossal increase in blood pressure.

• Regular smoking disrupts the blood supply to the brain, causes strong heart contractions, deprives internal tissues of oxygen and leads to constriction of blood vessels and the death of small capillaries. The intake of nicotine into the body causes a temporary increase in blood pressure, and since heavy smokers consume more than a pack of cigarettes per day, pressure changes occur regularly, which leads to stretching of the walls of blood vessels. This is an additional impetus for the development of hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
• Excess weight is the most important factor in the development of hypertension. Additional kg puts unnecessary pressure on the heart muscle, which causes blood pressure surges. It is important to eat properly and healthily to prevent obesity - sea fish, green vegetables, unsweetened fruits, lean meat, nuts, grains and bran, (lean) meat, hard cheeses and clean drinking water are recommended in the diet of hypertensive patients. But smoked food, pickles, preserves, sugar, salt, yeast and alcoholic drinks should be, if not completely excluded, then limited to their consumption to a minimum.
• “Sedentary” lifestyle – lack of physical training leads to stagnation of muscles, which makes them weak and brittle. Light sports exercise trains the cardiovascular system and normalizes blood pressure. Swimming is considered the best sport for hypertensive patients; you can also do yoga, ride a bike, or go hiking.
• Frequent stressful situations - a state of increased anxiety and nervous crisis is accompanied by a high release of adrenaline into the blood, which makes the heart work hard and intensely. To reduce blood pressure, you need to learn to behave calmly, be able to relax and not take all the trouble “to heart.” It is useful for people with hypertension to communicate with animals; get a cat or a dog, pets really know how to “treat”, and besides, a fluffy pet with its very presence gives a feeling of peace and tranquility.

How to live with hypertension

A diagnosis of hypertension is not a reason to despair; you can live with such a disease for many years, but you will need to adjust your lifestyle. Firstly, consultation and periodic examination by a doctor is simply necessary.

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Secondly, you should not be negligent in taking medications; without them, you will not be able to control your blood pressure levels. Thirdly, it is recommended to strive for a healthy lifestyle.

To live long and happily with high blood pressure and prevent complications of the disease, doctors advise adhering to the following rules:

• Stick to a diet - less fried and fatty foods, eliminate overly sweet and salty foods, replacing them with fruits and vegetables. The best option would be to remove table salt from the diet as much as possible; additional sodium in the body is contraindicated for hypertensive patients;
• “Quit” bad habits - quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, eradicate psychotropic substances from your life;
• Monitor your blood pressure level – for home monitoring you need a wrist tonometer; it is easy to use, does not take up much space, is mobile and practical. Having a tonometer on hand, you can check your blood pressure at the right time so that you can start taking medications on time if necessary;
• Do exercises regularly - you can choose your favorite sport, from home aerobics to walking in the fresh air. But excessive loads are also undesirable; sports and strength training during illness are good in moderation;
• Controlling body weight is especially important for obese people; increased weight directly affects the increase in blood pressure, so by reducing your weight, you will help the body adjust its blood pressure level;
• Monitor your sleep schedule - hypertensive patients need proper rest, so try to fight insomnia and remain calm in stressful situations.

By following the basic recommendations and advice, the question: “how long do people live with hypertension” will not worry you. You will be able to monitor and regulate your blood pressure levels to feel like an absolutely healthy person.

Common “myths” about hypertension

Not all “tales” about blood pressure are true; we often hear about numerous symptoms of this disease, but many of the popular opinions on this matter are not true.

People don't die from blood pressure

Not entirely true, with arterial hypertension the functions of internal organs (heart, kidneys, blood vessels) are impaired, so the risk of dying from a heart attack and stroke is quite high. Moreover, if you are treated in a timely manner and follow the doctor’s recommendations, you will not face death from hypertension.

Hypertension is the credo of older people

Recently, hypertensive crises are not uncommon in people aged 30-35 years, so every adult would do well to periodically measure their blood pressure to prevent complications in adulthood. You can find out more about the symptoms and first aid for a hypertensive crisis in this article.

Hypertension can be seen from afar - red eyes + frequent dizziness

Most hypertensive patients do not immediately notice a deterioration in their condition; a person can live with hypertension for several decades without realizing the disease.

Hypertensive patients - everyone who has had high blood pressure at least once

Of course not - hypertension causes regular pressure surges and stable human discomfort. And one-time surges in blood pressure can be caused by the abuse of nicotine, strong coffee or tea; it must be taken into account that additional pressure is placed on the vessels after running and strength exercises, so a conclusion about the disease is not made based on a one-time measurement.

If a hypertensive patient's blood pressure improves, you can stop taking medications

Unfortunately, temporary improvement of the condition does not provide a 100% guarantee that the disease will not recur, so it is important to strictly follow the course of treatment prescribed by the doctor.

All “life’s joys” are forbidden to hypertensive patients

It is fundamentally wrong - everything is good in moderation: a small amount of alcohol is allowed (a glass of red wine, for example), you can go to the sea, visit a steam room (for a short time), do physical exercise, have sex.

Traditional recipes are better than modern medicines

Scientific experiments prove the effectiveness of many natural compounds in the fight against high blood pressure, but these remedies give good results as additions to the main treatment. Do not ignore your doctor’s instructions and consult with him about the advisability of taking “homemade” medications, because seemingly harmless components can cause irreparable harm to your body.

As you can see, you don’t need to take the word of unverified facts, your life is most important, so don’t let the situation take its course, start treatment on time and be healthy!

Who is to blame for high blood pressure?

1. “Nerves.” We freaked out, the adrenal glands released adrenaline, the heart began to work harder, the blood vessels spasmed (narrowed), and the pressure increased.

In general, this mechanism was not invented by the Creator by chance. Imagine a situation when you are walking calmly down the street and suddenly you see a huge dog rushing straight towards you. What are you going to do? Stand as before? NO! You will either take something in your hands for protection, or you will “make your legs”, that is, give it a go.

To do this, you need to tense your muscles so that they are prepared to fight or flee, supply them with oxygen, and therefore speed up the heart. Otherwise you'll be screwed.

And now the situation is different. This is a difficult buyer for you. He exhausted your soul, demanding that you let go of “something from the pressure.”

You steadfastly resist the onslaught, explaining that these drugs are prescribed only by a doctor.

But he doesn’t calm down, he starts accusing you of unprofessionalism and so on and so forth. A wave of indignation, irritation, and maybe even a desire to crack him properly rises inside you.

Can you hit him? No.

How about yelling back? You can, of course, but it will cost you more. There will be complaints, calls to the authorities, this and that... So again, no.

And if this situation occurs day after day, then hypertension can become your companion for the rest of your life.

2. Increased levels of “bad” cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins) in the blood.

With age, the elasticity of blood vessels decreases. High blood pressure, which becomes a frequent visitor, begins to damage the walls of blood vessels. While the inner lining of the vessels is smooth, nothing sticks to it.

But as soon as damage appears in it, the same low-density lipoproteins that eventually form cholesterol plaques begin to stick to them.

They further narrow the blood vessels and further reduce their elasticity.

3. Love of salty foods. Salt attracts water, increasing the volume of circulating blood, and therefore pressure.

4. Overweight. Body weight increases, but the length of blood vessels and the size of the heart remain the same. Under these conditions, they have to work harder to “feed” and “drink” the extra 10-20 kg. At first they cope with this, but in the end, they throw out the white flag and begin to work through the stump deck.

5. Smoking. The harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke constrict blood vessels, increasing blood pressure, plus they damage their walls, and “bad” cholesterol begins to stick to them.

6. Alcohol. It is a mistake to think that it dilates blood vessels. Vasodilation is replaced by persistent spasm, and the pressure jumps again.

7. Physical inactivity. It reduces the elasticity of the vascular wall. When we move, the pressure in the vessels constantly changes, and the vascular wall either contracts or relaxes, in general, it trains. This does not happen with a sedentary lifestyle.

8. Well, and heredity. Where would we be without her?

What are the dangers of high blood pressure?

1. With a persistent increase in pressure, the chambers of the heart are overcrowded, and he, the poor fellow, has to work as hard as he can to pump this blood into the vessels. As a result, the muscle fibers of the myocardium grow, and its wall loses its elasticity. Left ventricular hypertrophy develops.

But the vessels of the heart remain the same, and the muscle fibers, of which there are now more, lack oxygen and nutrients. All this can end in heart failure, arrhythmia and even sudden death.

2. The wall of blood vessels affected by atherosclerosis, lacking elasticity, can simply rupture due to high pressure. Most often this happens in the brain. This is how hemorrhage occurs in the brain, i.e. hemorrhagic stroke develops.

3. As a result of the vessel being blocked by an atherosclerotic plaque and thrombus, the brain and heart do not receive enough nutrients and oxygen (this is called “ischemia”), and certain parts of them die. If this occurs in the brain, an ischemic stroke develops, and if it occurs in the heart, a myocardial infarction occurs.

4. Cholesterol plaques are also deposited in the vessels of the kidneys. The kidneys suffer from a lack of nutrients and oxygen, atrophy (“shrunken kidney”), stop working normally, and the person may die from kidney failure.

And now that you know how hypertension develops, it becomes clear how to treat it.

Treatment methods for hypertension

The occurrence of hypertension is promoted by:

• Genetic predisposition;
• Excess weight;
• Physical inactivity;
• Smoking;
• Drinking alcohol in large quantities;
• Stress;
• Problems with the endocrine system;
• Kidney and cardiovascular diseases.

Whether hypertension can be cured depends on the stage of the disease: the first is treatable and, if you follow the doctor’s recommendations, goes away forever. The second stage requires lifestyle changes and the use of medications. The third stage is dangerous due to complications - severe complications of hypertension are caused by numerous damage to internal organs. Against this background, the following develops:

• Heart failure;
• Myocardial infarction;
• Strokes;
• Kidney failure;
• Poor patency of blood vessels and arteries.

To get rid of hypertension forever, it is not enough just to take pills. You must first undergo a course of examination, based on the results of which the doctor will prescribe a course of treatment. If there are problems with target organs, complex therapy is used, aimed not only at stabilizing blood pressure, but also helping the affected organs. Non-drug methods are also prescribed at the same time. Is hypertension curable?

How to beat hypertension:

• Take medications prescribed by your doctor in the specified dosage and at the specified time;
• Maintain a rest and work schedule;
• Eat properly;
• To live an active lifestyle;
• Improve the psychological climate at work and at home;
• Take a course of physiotherapy;
• Regularly attend massage sessions.

To restore strength and improve well-being, you can also undergo a course of sanatorium treatment.

It is also recommended to regularly take sun and air baths, swim, and walk a lot. The success of treatment depends on the patient’s mood and attitude: a visit to a psychologist is often scheduled in order to accept the problem, reconsider the attitude towards it and find a way out of the current situation.