Pressure 80 over 60 and pulse 80: causes, possible complications, treatment options

Many people, when their health worsens, immediately refer to changes in blood pressure. This is often confirmed if the sudden illness is not related to a long-standing chronic disease. The most surprising thing is that most victims talk about this in a casual way, as if it were a completely common event. But any deviation of blood pressure from the norm is an alarm bell, warning of the possible development of a pathological process.

Unfortunately, lowering blood pressure is not often mentioned, since it is customary to discuss an increase in blood pressure.

Although it is not uncommon for people of different age groups to have, for example, a blood pressure of 80 over 60, which is far from normal. The condition of a sharp decrease in blood pressure, according to medical terminology, is called hypotension or hypotension. It can be due to completely different reasons, both physiological and external.

The principle of operation of blood vessels and the heart

To understand the source of the problem and the mechanism of action of the causes that provoke it, you need to have an idea of ​​​​the work of one of the most important systems - the cardiovascular system. Blood pressure in the human body plays the role of a kind of marker, allowing one to judge the force with which blood circulates in the body through large and small vessels.

This force is not the same at all stages of movement: when the heart pushes blood into the artery, and this happens during its contraction (systole), it is greater, and during moments of relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscle, its power is minimal.

Although there is still ongoing debate among specialists about acceptable blood pressure levels, there is a generally accepted standard of normal, reflected in the formula - 120/80. It is clear that this is a conditional norm. After all, all people differ in age, gender, and structural features of the body. For one person, low blood pressure may be normal if he is able to work and does not feel discomfort. Another individual, even with the slightest drop in blood pressure, feels exhausted and is unable to perform work.

Causes of hypotension

Arterial hypotension is divided into several types:

1. Primary, or idiopathic, hypotension;
2. Secondary hypotension;
3. Acute hypotension;
4. Physiological hypotension.

   

Each of these types of hypotension has its own signs that characterize this disease. Secondary hypotension is classified as a separate group, since its formation is caused by health problems already existing in the human body.

Below we list diseases that can provoke hypotension.

1. Anemia, which is characterized by a drop in the patient’s hemoglobin level, often accompanied by a decrease in the number of red blood cells per unit volume of blood.
2. Hepatitis: a severe inflammatory liver disease that develops under the influence of the hepatitis-C virus.
3. Osteochondrosis affecting the cervical spine. It appears as a result of a sedentary lifestyle and is characterized by damage to the intervertebral discs in this area.
4. Pancreatitis: acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas.
5. Rheumatism. This inflammatory disease affects the connective tissue, including the lining of the heart.
6. Diabetes. This is a dangerous disease of one of the main systems of the human body: the endocrine system. This disease occurs as a result of a lack of the hormone insulin.
7. Tuberculosis. This is an infectious lung disease caused by different types of mycobacteria.
8. Liver cirrhosis: a liver lesion in which its tissues die, gradually being replaced by fibrous fibers.
9. Cystitis, also known as inflammation of the bladder.
10. Stomach ulcer: a disease in which ulcerative wounds form and become chronic in the stomach and duodenum.

    

Other types of hypotension have the following triggers:

• Vegetovascular dystonia (VSD);
• Genetic inheritance;
• Endocrine system disorders, hypothyroidism;
• Neurotic conditions;
• Significant blood loss;
• Depression;
• Constant stress;
• Closed or open TBI;
• Decreased tone in blood vessels;
• Chronic heart failure;
• Chronic fatigue;
• Fainting;
• Abuse of antihypertensive drugs;
• First and second trimester of pregnancy.

  

Normal limits

Hypotension predominantly affects young people, mainly the fair sex. Thus, during puberty, a girl may periodically experience a decrease in blood pressure due to hormonal changes in the body.

The proposed table shows blood pressure indicators for hypotension by age group, which can be considered normal.

No. Age Conventional norm (mm Hg) 1 Young people under 25 years old 100/60225-40 105/65360 -80 110 -120/65

Given these relative limits of normal, hypotension is diagnosed if in a person under 50 years of age, systole varies from 95-100, and diastole varies from 55-60. After 50 years, the upper value should not be less than the sum: 50 + the patient’s age. Thus, the blood pressure of a person over 70 years old is considered low if the top number (50+70) is 120.

Good to know! A decrease in systolic indicator can be caused by atmospheric changes and the influence of other external factors. Then we are talking about the normal process of physiological adaptation. When the lower value drops, this indicates the presence of a serious pathology.

What does blood pressure 80/60 mean?

The difference between systolic and diastolic readings is called pulse pressure, which is normally 35-45 mm. rt. Art. Deviation of accepted values ​​upward or downward is a sign of disturbances in the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. So, the pulse difference at a pressure of 80 to 60 is 20 mm. rt. Art., which may be a physiological norm or a sign of the development of pathology. Experts identify a whole list of diseases that can provoke this type of deviation. Some are benign in nature, while others signal disruption of systems and organs, provoking acute conditions that threaten the lives of patients.

Why does pressure drop?

As already noted, physiological arterial hypotension often occurs in completely healthy people.

The causes of low blood pressure due to pathological conditions are usually associated with the following disorders:

• vegetative-vascular dystonia developing according to the hypotonic type,
• decreased thyroid function,
• consequences of closed craniocerebral injury,
• dysfunction of the adrenal cortex,
• anemia,
• after undergoing surgery,
• overdose of certain medications,
• heavy blood loss,
• dysfunction of the heart valve,
• state of shock and collapse,
• myocardial infarction,
• arrhythmias,
• diabetes,
• severe intoxication,
• long-term course of chronic diseases, leading to exhaustion of the patient.

A number of accompanying factors have a significant impact on blood pressure indicators:

• excessive mental and physical stress,
• pregnancy,
• sudden change in weather conditions,
• emotional outbursts,
• passive lifestyle.

Some professions that involve working in conditions of high humidity or underground also lead to the development of hypotension. Hypotension occurs even in men who play sports professionally.

In medicine, there is such a definition - high-training hypotension. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that athletes constantly experience enormous physical stress. Therefore, their body, forced to protect itself from negative influences, switches to saving mode.

When identifying provoking causes, the hereditary factor should always be taken into account. Often the tendency to hypotension is passed on to children from one of the parents. Such a child can be identified by lethargic behavior, decreased activity, and rapid fatigue from playing.

Good to know! The combination of blood pressure 80/60 and pulse 80, which is often found in thin teenagers and young women with a miniature figure, cannot be considered a pathology. For this type of people, these indicators are quite normal. In general, adult hypotensive patients have an asthenic physique, but they are often tall.

Features of treatment

Acute hypotension requires emergency measures in a specialized hospital, chronic hypotension most often resolves independently due to the compensatory capabilities of the body.

First aid

At home, to quickly increase blood pressure, you can:

• drink a cup of freshly ground coffee or strong hot tea;
• suck on a pinch of salt;
• eat a piece of bread with honey and cinnamon.
• massage the back of the head, neck, and lower abdomen;
• lie on the bed with a bolster under your feet;
• take a Citramon tablet.

If a drop in pressure to 80 to 60 or lower is caused by severe disorders, an ambulance call, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, and intensive resuscitation measures are required:

• infusion of crystalloid solutions that regulate water-electrolyte metabolism and the acid-base state of the blood: Ringer's solution, Hartmann's solution, NaCl, Lactasol, Disol;
• introduction of pressor amines - analogues of natural catecholamines: Dobutamine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine;
• for blood loss - transfusion of blood plasma, clotting factors, red blood cells;
• in acute myocardial infarction - thrombolysis with Streptokinase, Urokinase, Actilyse, Metalyse;
• for shock - hormones: Prednisolone, Dexamethasone.

The chronic form can be treated at home or on an outpatient basis.

Medications

The most effective correction of chronic blood pressure is 80/60 with the following drugs:

• adaptogens: Schisandra, Eleutherococcus, Ginseng, Rhodiola Rosea;
• nootropics: Noopept, Nootropil, Glycine;
• adrenergic agonists: Ephedrine, Pargyline, Midodrine;
• caffeine-containing: Citramon, Askofen, Codeine.

Cordiamine can increase blood pressure one-time.

Folk recipes

You can increase vascular tone, that is, stop hypotension using folk methods:

• 100 g of crushed ginseng or leuzea root is poured with half a liter of alcohol or vodka, left in the dark for a couple of weeks, drunk 30 drops, three times a day;
• freshly squeezed pomegranate juice is diluted with water 1:1, taken once a day for a couple of months;
• use a remedy made from honey and calendula or lemongrass tincture in the morning (30 drops).

The clinical effectiveness of herbs has not been proven, however, their use must be agreed with a doctor.

Signs of low blood pressure

Low blood pressure in most cases is a consequence of cerebrovascular accident.

Therefore, this disorder is accompanied by phenomena characteristic of hypoxia:

• Intense headaches appear, localized in the occipital region, on the temples. In addition to pain, which is often migraine-like in nature, vomiting and nausea may occur.
• Darkening in the eyes is another standard symptom, which manifests itself very clearly when changing body position. For example, if you abruptly assume a vertical position, a person may even faint.
• The feeling of lack of air is accompanied by constant yawning.
• Fatigue, increased sweating and weakness are also frequent accompaniments of hypotension.
• Absent-mindedness and memory impairment appear with prolonged hypotension. A person cannot concentrate, becomes irritable, and often falls into a depressed state.
• With low blood pressure, there is a deterioration in cardiac activity. Against this background, pain often appears in the chest area, the heart rate increases, and shortness of breath is noted even without physical exertion.
• Hypotonic patients often complain of numbness in the limbs. Their hands and feet are constantly cold. This symptom can be especially pronounced in an elderly person if he suffers from hypotension.

Interesting fact! Most patients with low blood pressure react acutely to atmospheric changes and magnetic storms.

Hypotension during pregnancy

What does a decrease in blood pressure mean and why are blood pressure readings of 80/60 recorded during pregnancy? Often, a decrease in blood pressure in early pregnancy is caused by physiological reasons in order to minimize the load on the cardiovascular system. A natural decrease is considered to be a pressure fluctuation within 10 mm. rt. Art., if a woman’s blood pressure drops to 80/60 at 120/80, this is an alarming sign indicating disturbances in the body.

The following processes can be the causes of hypotension in a pregnant woman:

• prolonged physical inactivity;
• prolonged mental and emotional stress, stress;
• unbalanced diet;
• sleep disturbance;
• chronic vascular and myocardial diseases;
• peptic ulcer of the digestive tract;
• water-salt balance disorder;
• deficiency of thyroid hormones;
• acute infectious diseases;
• internal bleeding.

To determine the cause of a decrease in blood pressure, a woman should undergo a thorough diagnosis

Hypotension during the period of bearing a child is a dangerous condition, since there is a decrease in blood circulation processes, as a result of which the organs and tissues experience a deficiency of nutrients and oxygen. Critically low blood pressure values ​​increase the risk of phytoplacental insufficiency, anomalies of intrauterine fetal formation, low body weight of the baby at birth, and also pose a threat of premature birth.

To eliminate hypotension, specialists prescribe complex therapy using medications and alternative means, as well as measures to normalize the daily routine and nutrition. Pregnant women should adhere to the basics of a balanced diet, including sufficient amounts of proteins, fats, microelements and vitamin complexes. Abrupt changes in body position are contraindicated for women; their movements should be smooth and gradual to avoid dizziness with further loss of consciousness.

Why is hypotension dangerous?

In fact, low blood pressure does not pose as serious a threat as hypertension. Primary hypotension is usually a consequence of vegetative-vascular disorders. The condition of the victim in this form can be stabilized without the use of medications.

With secondary hypotension, when disturbances in blood flow to vital organs become systematic, serious dysfunctions must be observed. The body tries to compensate for the lack of blood supply using its internal resources, which over time often leads to hypertension.

Low blood pressure is also extremely dangerous due to the following consequences:

• decreased visual acuity,
• disorders of the vestibular system, which are manifested by impaired motor coordination,
• there is a risk of injury due to a sudden fall due to fainting,
• serious problems in the functioning of the heart,
• decreased memory and mental potential.

Good to know! In some cases, with latent forms of severe diseases, hypotension may be the only informative sign indicating pathology. This occurs with internal bleeding, heart attacks, and anaphylactic shock.

Forms and symptoms of the disease

Hypotension 80/60 can be acute or chronic. The acute form is the most severe: it occurs spontaneously, leads to a sharp drop in pressure, and without timely medical intervention can result in collapse and death. Chronic is less dangerous.

Classic symptoms look like this:

• intense pulsation in the temples;
• nausea;
• drowsiness;
• cold, numb extremities;
• loss of concentration;
• tachycardia;
• lack of air;
• ataxia;
• visual disturbances;
• loss of consciousness.

Heart rhythm disturbances are especially dangerous.

How does low blood pressure affect pregnancy?

If we consider hypotension in the context of the entire pregnancy process, we can clearly distinguish two possible options for the development of this symptom:

• The decrease in blood pressure is caused by pregnancy itself. A similar phenomenon is observed in the first half of gestation. A pregnant woman may also experience a drop in blood pressure when uterine bleeding occurs, which poses a real threat of miscarriage.
• In the second option, hypotension was already observed in the woman before pregnancy. That is, for her, such a condition is common and is not life-threatening. But this factor can have a negative impact on the development of the fetus, since there is a huge risk of intrauterine hypoxia.

Prevention and treatment of hypotension

Preventing a disease is much easier than treating it in any phase, not to mention the extreme forms of the disease. Of course, we will not surprise anyone if we say that to prevent any disease you should lead a healthy lifestyle. Hypotension in this regard is also no exception.

First of all, you must quit smoking and refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages. Instead of these harmful habits, you should include things like walking or going to the pool in your daily routine. Contrast showers and massage will also be useful for arterial hypotension.

You need to take your daily diet very seriously. Mandatory products that should always be on your table should be liver, fresh fruits and vegetables, herbs, dairy products and eggs, pomegranate juice, coffee and tea. But you should not abuse coffee or tea, since these drinks can predictably contribute to a sharp increase in blood pressure, and then you will have to treat hypertension.

A hypotensive person's sleep should last at least 9-10 hours, since it takes him a little more time to restore the body than a healthy person. It would be good to adjust your sleep schedule so that night sleep lasts 8 hours, as befits a healthy adult body, and add another 1-1.5 hours of daytime rest to it. After waking up, it will not be a bad idea to do light exercises: it will help improve blood circulation and bring the blood vessels into the necessary tone.

Hypotonic patients should not ignore breakfast: the best option would be a cup of coffee plus a sandwich with cheese and a boiled egg.

In complicated stages of hypotension, drug treatment is used. But without consulting a doctor, you should not take medications that increase blood pressure. As a rule, they contain a number of contraindications and side effects, which many people are not even aware of. Self-medication is quite capable of bringing the body to critical health conditions.

The most popular drugs that your doctor can offer you for treatment:

• Citramon;
• Eleutherococcus extract;
• Dopamine;
• Tinctures of ginseng and lemongrass;
• Glycine;
• Painkillers.

  

This list is not exhaustive. In addition to drug treatment, your doctor may also offer you herbal medicine.

What factors contribute to lowering blood pressure in pregnant women?

During pregnancy, blood pressure can drop rapidly due to completely different circumstances. Many experts call the appearance of the uteroplacental circulatory system the main provoking factor. The additional circulatory system begins to actively produce hormones that inhibit the activity of the pituitary gland in the mother’s body. As a result, the level of pressor (blood pressure-stimulating) substances decreases, followed by a drop in blood pressure.

We cannot exclude factors that, to varying degrees, influence the state of the circulatory system and are capable of reducing blood pressure:

• increased progesterone production,
• multiple births (carrying twins) and polyhydramnios,
• anemia,
• inferior vena cava syndrome,
• endocrine problems,
• emotional instability of a woman,
• change of weather conditions,
• non-compliance with drinking regime,
• unhealthy diet
• inactive lifestyle.

All of the above reasons can reduce blood pressure in a pregnant woman. Therefore, the expectant mother, at the first symptoms of a drop in blood pressure, should contact the consultation where it is observed.

Causes of hypotension

It is generally accepted that only high blood pressure is dangerous, and low blood pressure is not taken into account at all. This is not true, since low blood pressure can be one of the manifestations of some serious pathology, and it is also accompanied by a set of unpleasant symptoms.

Very often, a predisposition to low blood pressure is passed on from parents. This can be noticed from an early age. Such a child can be identified by decreased activity, lethargy, and rapid onset of fatigue during games. Adult hypotensive patients are usually tall and have a thin build.

People who, for some reason, have experienced strong emotional stress for a long time are susceptible to hypotension. Intense mental work can also cause low blood pressure. Physical activity plays an important role in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. If a person leads a passive lifestyle, the functional state of the heart worsens, protein and mineral metabolism changes, and the lungs are less ventilated. This is all an excellent basis for chronic lowering of blood pressure.

The reasons that cause the development of hypotension include working in specific conditions - underground, in conditions of high humidity, at high temperatures. The following diseases can also be the causes: cardiovascular system, central nervous system, pathology of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, respiratory system.

In medicine there is such a thing as high-training hypotension. It applies to professional athletes. Among them, hypotension is quite common. This is due to the fact that the body, constantly exposed to increased physical activity, develops a protective reaction and goes into an economical mode.

Another reason for decreased blood pressure is pregnancy, especially if a woman has twins. During pregnancy, a decrease in blood pressure provokes toxicosis. On the other hand, uterine bleeding with the threat of miscarriage also leads to a drop in pressure, so it is necessary to monitor its level together with a specialist. If there was hypotension before pregnancy, then the expectant mother is not in danger. But the child may not receive enough oxygen and develop intrauterine hypoxia, which is very dangerous.

Measures to normalize blood pressure in pregnant women

Before visiting a doctor, a woman can independently perform a number of safe actions to increase her blood pressure. Your health will improve significantly if:

• eat some chocolate
• drink a cup of green tea,
• take a walk in the fresh air,
• relax.

You need to reconsider your diet, because frequent drops in blood pressure in pregnant women are a consequence of an incorrect diet. Correcting the menu will help bring the indicators back to normal. If the pressure cannot be stabilized using available methods, with the permission of the doctor, you can take tonics and drugs that eliminate the signs of arterial hypotension.

In a situation where outpatient treatment methods are unsuccessful and the blood pressure remains extremely low, the woman is sent to hospitalization.

Important! Although hypotension often accompanies pregnancy, it poses a risk to the health of the unborn child. Therefore, the expectant mother needs to monitor her blood pressure level, and also carry out a set of preventive measures throughout her pregnancy to prevent it from falling.

Drug therapy

Drugs that increase vascular tone help raise blood pressure to a level that is comfortable for the patient. But they should be used very carefully and only after consultation with your doctor. For example, Metoprolol provides a good therapeutic effect for fainting conditions caused by hypotension.

There are also a number of drugs that have vasoconstrictor properties. True, all medications in this group are sold in pharmacies only with a doctor’s prescription. For headaches, you can take a tablet of any painkiller. Drugs containing caffeine help increase blood pressure: Citramon, Askofen, Pentalgin.

Healthy! The use of medications for hypotension is justified if the patient's condition causes serious concern. But, in any case, correction of blood pressure levels must begin with simple measures, which are sometimes more effective than potent drugs.

Complications and consequences

A common complication of hypotension is oxygen starvation. It can be the main cause of deterioration in health, in particular, in brain function. This leads to memory impairment, migraines, and fainting.

When the body's tone decreases, blood flow slows down. This means that oxygen and nutrients do not enter the cells. First of all, organs such as the heart, liver, brain, and so on are affected.

If oxygen does not enter the cell within a couple of minutes, it dies.

Insufficient blood supply to vital organs causes a cascade of interrelated pathological changes. The most dangerous of them are ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Senile dementia also appears, but poor blood supply to the brain can also develop dementia in younger people.

Due to disruption of the venous and arterial blood supply, the sensitivity of the arms and legs is impaired.