Blood donation. Pros and cons for the body, how often you can, how much they pay, requirements

Blood plasma donation procedure

Plasma is one of the blood fractions whose tasks include transporting nutrients and blood cells to all organs, maintaining homeostasis, ensuring salt balance and maintaining the functioning of the immune system.

Answering the question why donate blood plasma, it should be noted that plasma transfusion is widely used in medical practice. Indications for this include such serious conditions as shock, cardiomyopathy, serious injuries with massive blood loss, and much more. Therefore, the procedure of donating plasma is extremely popular. In recent years, doctors have noted an increase in the number of donors willing to donate blood plasma.

This is due to the fact that donating plasma is a more gentle procedure for the body; the donor recovers much faster - if when donating whole blood, rehabilitation requires at least a month, then in order to return to normal after donating plasma, it takes about two weeks. The exact timing for each individual case is described in the material “How often can you donate plasma.”

The benefits and harms of plasma donation

In modern clinics, only sterile equipment is used to collect plasma, and donors are examined before the procedure, so the process of donating plasma does not pose a health risk. But it must be remembered that this is an invasive manipulation that always has certain consequences for the body.

Plasma is the liquid component of human blood, which occupies 52-60 percent of the total volume circulating through the vessels. 40-48 percent are occupied by red blood cells (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes).

Plasma contains a high protein content of 60-85 grams per liter; they perform nutritional, transport, and immune functions. It is thanks to plasma that amino acids, lipids, gamma globulins, glucose, vitamins, and microelements circulate.

Is it harmful to donate plasma?

Everyone is interested in the question of how often you can donate plasma without causing damage to the donor’s body. According to American studies, it turned out that it is allowed to take it 12 times a year with absolutely no consequences, which turns out to be every 28 days. For comparison, platelets are taken 24 times in one year, once every 8 days.

Modern medical technologies are so developed that the need for whole blood sampling is no longer necessary. It is much more efficient to obtain all its components as needed, each separately:

• platelets;
• leukocytes;
• red blood cells;
• plasma

This technology allows the donor to be renewed faster, as opposed to whole blood collection. Once obtained, the biomaterial becomes safer for its recipient (recipient). In addition, a particular patient does not always need the presence of all blood components.

Benefits and harms

Plasma donation looks like a regular blood draw, during which only plasma is taken from it, and the remaining useful components are returned back to the donor. To do this, the blood is passed through a special disposable system. The body immediately reacts to cell loss and engages in self-healing. Other benefits of donating plasma include:

• prevention of various types of ischemia and atherosclerosis;
• reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke;
• prevention of inflammatory diseases of the liver and pancreas;
• correct lifestyle (blood is not taken from drinkers, drug addicts, patients with AIDS, hepatitis or tuberculosis);
• extension of life by approximately 5 years (scientifically proven)

In addition, regular donors who have donated blood more than 60 times for charitable purposes and have received the status of an honorary donor are provided with a number of benefits:

• the right to choose the time for vacation at the desired period of the year;
• extraordinary receipt of vouchers for health improvement in sanatoriums and health centers every year;
• annual receipt of a cash bonus, which is constantly increasing;
• constant medical examination and observation.

Important! Donating blood and its components is not just useful - it is necessary to save the lives of dozens, and maybe hundreds of people.

Harmful manifestations of donation include:

• risk of developing anemia;
• possibility of calcium leaching;
• weakness and flu-like condition for several days after the procedure;
• risk of infection due to violations of aseptic and antiseptic rules.

Pros and cons of blood donation

The term “donation” comes from the Latin word donare, meaning “to give.” According to statistics, more than half a million people a year require blood transfusions in Russia. These include unforeseen situations (accidents, natural disasters, difficult childbirth) and specific diseases (hemophilia, anemia).

The ongoing need for donor services is based on the relatively short shelf life of body fluids. Plasma must be used within two years, but white blood cells become unusable after 24 hours.

Despite the fact that pharmacology is rapidly developing, a complete replacement for blood has not yet been found. Artificial analogues are toxic and extremely expensive. That is why voluntary donors are the only salvation for many patients.

What a future donor should know

The human body is a complex system, and its stimulation must be carried out according to all the rules. Therefore, there are certain requirements for a person who wants to share his blood. According to the laws of the Russian Federation, a man or woman aged 18 to 50 years can become a donor. Absolute contraindications to this procedure:

• oncological diseases;
• pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
• metabolic disorders;
• previous operations on internal organs;
• skin diseases;
• diffuse connective tissue diseases.

In addition, a ban on medical manipulation is imposed in case of hepatitis, elevated body temperature, vegetative-vascular dystonia and osteomyelitis. You should temporarily refrain from donating blood if you have recently had an acute respiratory viral infection, had a tattoo, undergone acupuncture, had a tooth pulled, came from abroad, or taken strong medications or alcohol.

Therefore, before entering the donor database in a medical institution, you will definitely need to undergo a medical examination, present a passport and honestly provide doctors with all the necessary information about your health status.

The benefits and harms of donating blood

Rumors that the collection of organic material can harm humans are greatly exaggerated. Of course, you need to exercise caution and monitor medical personnel.

1. The site of skin incision must be thoroughly disinfected with special antiseptic solutions.
2. Syringes, droppers or other means of collecting blood are printed in front of the donor.

If these conditions are met, the risk of infection is reduced to zero. In addition, a person who donates body fluids even improves his or her health. This occurs due to the activation of the hematopoietic function and the weakening of the load on the spleen and liver. It is not for nothing that in ancient times bloodletting was considered an effective way to treat many ailments.

Myths about donation

Most often, people who sympathize with someone else's misfortune are scared away from all possible help by basic ignorance of the essence of the process of collecting medical material or misunderstanding of it. Information often appears on the Internet, newspapers and on television about the serious consequences of donating blood, but in most cases it is incorrect.

1. The Church does not approve of blood transfusions. Indeed, there are religious movements that prohibit their followers from using the services of modern medicine. But, fortunately, such spiritual directions are rare. The main teachings about God (Christianity, Judaism, Islam) are favorable to the medical profession.

2. You can transfer or receive other people's habits. There is no evidence for such a theory. Although there is debate on this topic and various studies are being conducted. Most likely, such a myth arose due to the influence of lifestyle on the state of body fluids. This is why alcoholics, drug addicts or heavy smokers are eliminated at the first stages of passing the medical examination.

3. No one needs rare blood. It is not true. There is always a shortage of donors. It doesn’t matter whether they have the common second group or the unusual fourth group.

4. Loss of fluids necessary for life causes deterioration of the skin. In the frequency of complexion.

However, doctors pay attention to the fact that regular donors have a healthy complexion.

The loss of a small volume of blood signals the body's systems to renew itself, resulting in a positive shake-up of the digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems. This helps improve your appearance.

Source: https://medbooking.com/blog/post/pliusy-i-minusy-donorstva-krovi

Is it harmful to donate blood plasma?

A number of limitations have been discovered under which this procedure is harmful:

1. Eye diseases (only after consultation with your doctor).
2. If a tooth was removed, less than 10 days ago.
3. Drinking alcoholic beverages two days before the test.
4. Women during menstruation, as well as those who gave birth less than a year ago.
5. Citizens who have returned from tropical countries within 3 years (risk of contracting malaria).
6. Patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia.
7. Infectious patients.
8. Severe somatic diseases.
9. Mental disorders.
10. High blood sugars.

Attention! It is strictly prohibited to donate blood or any of its components to patients with AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, as well as to homosexuals and illegal immigrants.

Is donating plasma beneficial?

The benefits of donating blood plasma are mutual. The patient receives substances vital for the regeneration of the body after severe injuries, burns or operations. In the donor’s body, in turn, natural protective forces are activated, and the person himself can, without outside intervention, recover from many of the ailments that tormented him.

Doctors explain this by saying that immediately after the procedure for taking plasma, the body is engaged in rapid recovery. Simply, the blood is restored, stimulating the functioning of the immune system.

Regular donation allows blood cells to be regularly renewed, relieving the body of excess ballast. It is useful to donate plasma to people:

1. with impaired iron excretion (genetic disease);
2. high in fat and cholesterol (few people know that expensive plasmapheresis in private clinics and free donor plasmapheresis are the same thing);
3. age 50 and older, well-being improves and youth prolongs, prevents heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis;
4. for the moral pleasure of saving the life of a complete stranger.

Which is more useful: donating blood or plasma?

During the plasma removal process, the body is simultaneously cleansed of unnecessary fat and cholesterol, reducing the chances of early development of cardiovascular diseases. Young cells reproduced by the body stimulate defense mechanisms and improve the functioning of the immune system. Also, thanks to the selective selection of biomaterial, the donor loses less blood volume than with general sampling, and the recovery period is faster and almost imperceptible.

Is it dangerous to donate blood plasma?

As with any medical procedure, there is always risk:

• the possibility of infection if sanitary standards and rules are not observed;
• donate plasma more than 12 times in one year;
• There may be problems with the body's absorption of calcium.

Disadvantages of donating plasma

There is a preparation process: you are not allowed to eat fatty, salty, or spicy foods for at least a day. For some foodies, this restraint brings a number of inconveniences. Also, you should not drink drinks containing alcohol for a week. And the most important thing is not to smoke, as much as two hours before the procedure. The disadvantages include the duration of plasmapheresis, approximately 40 minutes, and the need to stay in the hospital for two hours. Under observation after plasma collection.

Benefits of donating plasma

Doctors have found that the process of plasma donation is beneficial for the donor, since blood fractions are restored after donation. This has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the immune system, and also increases efficiency and allows the body to stay in good shape. For this reason, many become long-term donors.

In addition, plasma donors experience the following positive results after the procedure:

1. The components of the biological fluid are renewed, as a result of which health improves and the body functions better.
2. Those who donate plasma on a regular basis reduce the risk of diseases such as heart attacks and strokes and improve cerebral circulation.
3. Donating blood plasma implies that the donor cares about his health.
4. Experts have found that the average life expectancy of donors is approximately five years higher.
5. Female donors have a much lower risk of serious bleeding during childbirth.
6. Before donating plasma, the donor undergoes a thorough examination - even if the plasma donation procedure is delayed, basic information about the condition of the body can be obtained.

Despite the positive effects, we must not forget that donating plasma is a traumatic procedure that requires compliance with certain rules. Ignoring them on the part of a doctor or patient can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Harm from donating plasma

It often happens that a donor who decides to donate blood for plasma does not find the opportunity to carefully read the donation rules, which is why he may encounter complications after the procedure. In other cases, problems arise due to incorrect actions of doctors during plasma collection.

Donating plasma may pose a health risk in the following situations:

1. The patient forgot to warn the doctor about chronic diseases that are a disqualification from the procedure - in this case, the disease may worsen or give unexpected complications.
2. With an increase in the number of subsidies during the year, the body weakens, immunity decreases, and hemoglobin levels decrease.
3. When using reusable instruments or violating aseptic rules, there is a risk of infection. In modern clinics this is practically impossible.
4. Complications can occur in the absence of a thorough examination of the patient before the procedure. This usually happens in emergency situations when many donors want to donate blood or plasma at the same time.

If all the rules of donation are observed, both on the part of the patient and on the part of the doctor, it is possible to avoid harm from the procedure.

Authorized Products

Before the procedure you should consume the following products:

• Immediately before the test you need to drink something. You can use water, juice, sweet tea, compote.
• 2-3 hours before delivery, you should eat cereals boiled in water and pasta without oil. Bread, crackers, crackers, and unsweetened cookies are allowed.
• Lean boiled meat and steamed fish are beneficial.
• Boiled potatoes, other vegetables (raw or steamed).
• Fruits - except those that are prohibited.

After donation, it is recommended to consume the following products to restore the body:

• Liquid. You need to drink it in large quantities. This can be water, herbal tea, compotes, kvass, natural juices, fruit drinks, low-fat milk. Red wine is allowed in an amount of no more than 150 ml per day.
• Dairy products - cottage cheese, kefir, low-fat cheese, sour cream.
• Meat, fish, poultry, beef liver is also useful.
• Seafood, eggs.
• Plant foods that contain a lot of iron are apples, pomegranates, spinach, parsley, buckwheat, lentils.
• Plant products containing a lot of protein are soybeans, beans, corn, peas, lentils.
• Pasta, bread products.
• Vegetable oils.
• Dried fruits, especially prunes.
• Walnuts.
• Vegetables and fruits (it is recommended to consume at least 400 grams per day).

What do you need to donate blood plasma?

First of all, the future donor should familiarize himself with information about what is required for donation, who has the opportunity to donate blood plasma, and how to prepare for this procedure.

1. The donor's age must be between 18 and 60 years.
2. Weight must be at least 50 kilograms. Many people are interested in whether it is possible to donate plasma to donors with a lower weight - in some cases, this rate can actually be reduced to 47 kilograms. However, this is the exception rather than the rule.
3. You must be a citizen of the country in which you want to donate plasma (Ukraine, Russian Federation), or have a residence permit. You need to have your passport with you.
4. There should not be a single medical contraindication - there is an approved list of diseases for which donation is contraindicated, as it can pose a threat to both the donor and the recipient.
5. If the patient has a tattoo, you need to wait a year from the moment it was applied.
6. Women need to wait at least five days after the end of menstruation.

Blood plasma donation procedure

It is better to go into the procedure well prepared and know exactly what is needed to donate plasma, so that there are no obstacles to donation at the last moment.

Preparation for the procedure includes the following steps:

Before donating blood, it is recommended to get a good night's sleep; it is not allowed to donate plasma after a sleepless night or a shift at work - this can lead to loss of consciousness.

Before donating plasma, you need to adhere to a healthy lifestyle: alcohol should be eliminated at least two days, smoking - three hours before the procedure. The blood should not contain alcohol breakdown products.

It is not recommended to drink tea and coffee on the day of donation - it is best to drink juices, fruit drinks, and clean water. Breakfast doesn't have to be heavy.

In many clinics, before donating blood, the donor will be offered a cup of tea with something sweet.

So, the preparation is completed, the documents are with you, you can go to the clinic to donate blood plasma.

Basic principles of this diet

It is important to stop drinking alcohol 48 hours before visiting a specialized facility. You should not smoke for 1-2 hours before the procedure .

Over the past 24 hours, you should not eat fatty, fried, spicy, smoked, eggs, or dairy products.

On the eve of the procedure, it is recommended to eat lean meat or fish (not fried) with boiled porridge. Vegetables are good for you.

In the morning, before donating blood, you should have a good breakfast. You should not do this on an empty stomach, as you may feel very weak.

Breakfast should be hearty and include complex carbohydrates and proteins. Fruits (except bananas), unsweetened cookies, and tea are allowed.

Immediately before donation, you need to drink a glass of water, compote, juice or tea to avoid a hypovolemic reaction due to a sharp drop in pressure.

Nutrition after donation is equally important. It is aimed at restoration and involves the following rules:

• It is important to drink plenty of fluids throughout the week.
• Eat protein foods. Seafood and low-fat fermented milk products are especially useful.
• After the procedure, apples, pomegranate, spinach, and other greens are useful.
• You need to eat porridge and other sources of complex carbohydrates.
• To replenish polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body, vegetable oils are valuable.
• Vegetables, fruits, and dried fruits will help saturate the body with vitamins and minerals. Prunes and walnuts are especially useful.

Blood plasma donation procedure

Those who plan to become donors very often experience psychological stress before the first donation, because they have no idea how donors donate plasma and what happens in the process. We will tell you in detail about what happens before the procedure, during plasma donation and after the donation.

Arriving at the clinic or blood transfusion center, the donor goes to the reception desk. At the initial appointment, they give him a card with basic information.

Then a preliminary medical examination is performed. It includes a general blood test, testing for antibodies to HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, identifying blood type, Rhesus and Kell antigen.

After the tests are completed, the donor is sent to a physician, who will review the test results, measure blood pressure and temperature, and decide whether the donor is eligible to donate plasma. After this, the doctor will briefly tell you how blood plasma is donated and answer all your questions.

After this, the donor proceeds directly to donating plasma. The procedure is carried out in a lying position, blood is drawn from one arm, it enters a special centrifuge, where it is divided into individual components: platelets and red blood cells are separated from the plasma cells themselves. Blood cells separated from the plasma are transferred to the second arm.

Donation lasts from 40 minutes to an hour, after completion it is recommended to lie down for a while, do not make sudden movements, drink a glass of strong sweet tea to restore strength. You should not leave the clinic for half an hour in case problems such as dizziness or loss of consciousness arise.

After donating plasma, a bandage is applied that cannot be removed for about two or three hours to prevent bleeding.

For two days after donation, it is better to avoid physical activity, hard work, and not to go to the gym.

What is allowed to be done before and after the procedure

A few days before the procedure, you need to donate blood for a test, which will determine the presence of dangerous infections in the body. If a virus is detected in the sample, the plasma taken from the donor will not be used. The analysis will also determine the blood type, Rh, and the amount of hemoglobin (if it turns out to be low, the plasma will not be taken).

When a person comes to donate plasma, the doctor will have to fill out a questionnaire, for which he will ask some questions and measure the pressure. If, based on the results of the examination, the doctor comes to the conclusion that the person can become a donor, preparations for the procedure can begin.

You need to properly prepare for donating plasma, for which it is better to use the doctor’s special instructions, and stick to a diet: three days before donating blood, exclude fried, spicy, smoked, fatty foods, as well as alcohol (including beer), which is not only harmful, but also changes the composition of the blood. It is advisable to drink as much fluid as possible, preferably water.

In order to properly prepare, before the procedure you must avoid taking any medications: they greatly change the composition of the blood and make the plasma unsuitable for use. In the morning before the procedure, be sure to have breakfast, drink sweet tea, eat a sandwich with low-fat cheese, and chocolate. Otherwise, you may lose consciousness during the procedure. Before the procedure, you should not smoke for three hours, as this may negatively affect the plasma.

When a person donates plasma, it will be preserved and stored for six months. After the expiration of the period, the person will have to come again and get tested. This must be done to make sure there are no infections that were not detected at the time of blood donation. If a person does not come, the plasma is considered unusable and is destroyed.

At the end of the procedure, the donor must rest for at least two hours. For about a day after donating blood, physical activity, training, and heavy lifting are contraindicated. Over the next two days, you need to pay attention to a diet in which protein should predominate, on which the amount of hemoglobin in the blood depends (more information about the diet can be found in the donor’s leaflet).

After the procedure, drink about two liters of liquid; drinking alcohol is harmful. Complete blood restoration occurs within a week. Resubmission of the material is allowed after a month: if you do this more often, you can cause harm to your health. Therefore, if we talk about how many times donors can donate plasma, then they can come for the procedure from 6 to 12 times a year, while a donor can collect no more than 12 liters of plasma per year.

Contraindications for plasma donation

There is an approved list of contraindications for donating blood plasma - these are diseases that may result in complications for the donor or recipient. They can be temporary or permanent. A complete list of contraindications can be found at any blood collection point; here are the most basic reasons for the ban on donation.

• HIV, hepatitis of any form, syphilis, tuberculosis and other serious infections - these diseases are a lifelong contraindication to any donation;
• parasitic diseases such as toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, etc.;
• malignant neoplasms;
• organic lesions of the central nervous system and mental disorders;
• alcoholism and drug addiction;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as coronary disease, hypertension 2 and 3 degrees, heart defects, etc.;
• bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema;
• lack of hearing and speech;
• peptic ulcer;
• radiation sickness;
• high myopia, blindness and other ophthalmological pathologies;
• surgical interventions to remove or transplant organs.

After suffering from a viral illness, you should wait at least a month. After pregnancy, the exemption is given for a year, after the end of breastfeeding - for three months. Tooth extraction exempts you from donating plasma for ten days.

Contraindications for blood donation

Although donor centers do not have enough blood, not everyone in Russia can become a donor. This can only be done by a citizen of Russia or someone who has lived in the country legally for more than a year. A person over 18 years of age and under 60, whose body weight is more than 50 kilograms, can become one.

In order not to harm the health of the donor and recipient, there are many contraindications for donating blood. Some warnings are limited for a certain time, while others are lifelong.

Contraindications for donating blood plasma must be strictly observed.

A person cannot be a donor if he has the following diseases:

• syphilis, AIDS, HIV or suspicion of these diseases;
• hepatitis, which does not depend on the time and form of the disease;
• low or high blood pressure;
• high level of myopia (over six diopters);
• drug addict;
• mental disorders;
• alcoholism.

In addition, it is prohibited to donate blood to patients with promiscuous intimate relationships and homosexuals, as they are at risk and can also carry dangerous infections. A person with diabetes cannot be a donor, because there is a danger of causing severe harm to his health.

A temporary restriction is imposed on people who had their teeth removed within two weeks before blood donation, who have recently been ill or have had a vaccination (within the last month), and if they have taken medications for two weeks before the procedure. A patient cannot donate plasma after a piercing or tattoo for a year.

How does blood plasma donation occur during pregnancy? If we are talking about the donation of blood plasma by a pregnant woman or a nursing mother, then in this case this period is equal to a year after the final feeding of the child. It is also prohibited to donate blood during critical days and five days after the end of discharge. The doctor at the donor center will inform the person about other restrictions.

Remuneration and benefits for donation

Plasma donation

Before donating blood for plasma, donors need to decide on what basis the donation will be made.

It is possible to donate blood and plasma both free of charge and for money. The exact amount of remuneration can be found out directly at the clinic or donor point - the amount of payments differs depending on the region.

When donating blood and plasma free of charge, the donor is entitled to food or monetary compensation for it. At the same time, compensation for donating plasma is higher than for donating whole blood.

For those who regularly donate blood or plasma, a reward system is provided in the form of the opportunity to receive the title of honorary donor. To do this, you need to donate plasma at least 60 times. Each donation is recorded on a card, which then becomes a document for the social service. Honorary donors are entitled to benefits and an annual pension.

Benefits and payment

If people want to know what the fee is for donating blood components, they should ask their local donation center. The cost changes every year, and authorities have recently advised to reduce it and replace it with benefits that will be available to a person upon receiving the title of honorary donor.

In order to become an honorary donor, you need to donate blood plasma for free at least 60 times (in this case, you are given a ration at home or paid a small amount, which will allow you to purchase food products provided for by the diet). Information about blood donations is entered into a special card, and on its basis, statements are subsequently made for the social service about the number of procedures. If we talk about the time for consideration of the application by the social service, then this period is 90 days.

Where can I donate plasma?

Most often, blood transfusion stations do not accept plasma donors; you must contact large clinics or institutes. Plasma is also accepted by central hospitals and clinics that specialize in treating trauma patients.

When donating whole blood, you usually only need a passport and registration, but you can donate blood for plasma only after undergoing an outpatient examination. In this case, the donor independently makes an appointment with the doctor and brings the necessary certificates - as a rule, this is the conclusion of an infectious disease specialist, therapist and gynecologist (for women). This is not always practiced - the exact information needs to be clarified at the clinic where you are going to donate blood or plasma.

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How is the procedure performed?

Blood donation is carried out at a transfusion station or in other medical institutions related to the blood service. Arriving at a medical institution, a potential donor presents a Russian passport at the reception desk or confirms the presence of an annual residence permit, and then goes through a survey where he answers questions about his state of health.

After this, the potential donor is sent for a medical examination and preliminary collection of biomaterial, which allows timely detection of body pathologies and infectious fogs. When donating blood, the composition is also tested for HIV and syphilis.

The first blood donation or the 3rd donation in a year also obliges you to undergo a medical examination, during which a citizen of the Russian Federation:

1. Biomaterial is taken to determine biochemical blood parameters using an express method.
2. A transfusiologist examines the rhythm and frequency of the pulse, blood pressure numbers, and body temperature. Skin tissue, mucous membranes, a person’s weight and height are also subject to examination and examination.

During the appointment, the specialist will also ask the potential donor:

• about living conditions and epidemiological environment;
• about possible genetic and chronic pathologies;
• about previous operations and injuries;
• about the tendency to allergic reactions;
• about pregnancy or previous abortion.

Upon completion of the examination, the transfusiologist will draw up a conclusion on approval or refusal of donation. If in doubt, the potential donor will be sent for additional testing to the clinic at his place of residence.

If you agree to the collection, the donor must drink a glass of sweet tea with a bun or cookies, and then go to the laboratory for a blood draw.

The donation procedure takes place in comfortable and sterile conditions:

1. The donor sits in a chair and exposes his arm to the elbow, and then begins to vigorously squeeze and unclench his hand to increase blood flow.
2. A tourniquet is applied to the patient's forearm, and the site of the ulnar vein is disinfected.
3. Then the laboratory technician asks the donor to make a fist and punctures the vein, inserting a needle into it, to which a sterile tube and bag are attached.
4. The doctor removes the tourniquet, and the patient relaxes his hand, without interfering with the blood flowing freely into the prepared sterile container.

Donation duration is:

• when collecting whole blood – 10-15 minutes;
• for hardware plasmapheresis – about 45 minutes;
• with tribocytapheresis – from 33 minutes to 1.5 hours;
• with erythrocytapheresis – from 20 to 40 minutes.

Quantity of collected material:

• whole blood – 450 ml;
• plasma – 600 ml;
• platelets – 200x109 cells;
• red blood cells - from 270 to 400 ml.

Additionally, 20 ml of biomaterial necessary for laboratory testing is taken from the patient.

The collected blood along with its components must be examined:

• for carriage of HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis;
• by group, Rh factor and Kell antigen;
• for biochemical parameters.

Donors with detected viruses are informed about the results of the study and undergo a full free medical examination. The confidentiality of all medical research is also guaranteed.