Blood donation: how to donate blood, is it harmful, recusal from donation

Types of donation

By purpose

Blood can be donated for different purposes and for different reasons. Based on this, donation happens:

1. Purpose – the donor donates blood, usually urgently, to treat a relative or another person after severe bleeding (after an accident, surgery).
2. Allogeneic - the donated material ends up in a blood bank and is then used for patients in need of transfusion.
3. Autologous is a type of donation when blood is taken from the patient before the operation, and after the operation the taken material is infused back into the donor.
4. Replacement - in this case, the donor donates blood to replace the material previously taken from the general bank for a sick relative.

According to the submitted material

Depending on the circumstances, a donor can donate whole blood or only certain components.

Whole blood donation

The permissible amount of blood that a donor can donate at one time may vary slightly from country to country. In Russia, for example, 450 ml is considered the norm, while in the USA it is 480 ml, which is equal to 1 pint. The procedure usually takes no more than 15 minutes. After it, the donor fully recovers after an average of 8 weeks.

Plasmapheresis

During this procedure, the donor donates only plasma. To do this, they first take whole blood from him, then centrifuge it and separate the plasma from the cell mass. The liquid part is taken away, and the thick components are diluted with saline and reinjected into the donor’s vein. In one procedure, up to 600 ml of plasma can be taken without harm to health. The procedure lasts approximately 1 hour. Full recovery after plasmapheresis occurs after 2 weeks.

Immune plasma donation

As in the previous case, only plasma will be required from the donor. But the most important thing: it must contain antibodies to a specific virus or bacteria. In order for the donor’s body to contain these antibodies, he must receive the necessary vaccination before the procedure. That is, a special vaccine is injected into his body, provoking the production of antibodies and the formation of immunity to the disease.

Thrombocytapheresis

Platelets are extracted from the collected blood, after which the remaining components are injected back into the donor. This procedure is somewhat more complicated than plasmapheresis or donation of whole material. Up to 450 ml of platelet mass can be taken from a donor at one time. The procedure takes about 2 hours. Recovery will take within 2-3 weeks.

Erythrocytapheresis

The procedure is carried out similarly to plateletpheresis, but it is not platelets that are extracted, but erythrocytes - red blood cells (erythromass). Erythrocytapheresis lasts within 30 minutes. After the procedure, the donor recovers within 1 month.

Donation - review

Hi all!

I will tell you my vision of blood donation. I have donated blood free of charge 6 times already, and once (the first) was for research, it does not count toward the overall count.

WHAT DOES FREE MEAN?

There are two ways - free and for a fee. Each region has its own reward, I won’t go into depth here. But free of charge means 600 rubles))) Yes, yes, this is compensation for lunch. In some regions, it is offered to have lunch in the canteen, which is located right next to the building where the blood is drawn. There are no such canteens anywhere.

As a rule, everyone refuses lunch, sign a paper to this effect and go to the cashier, where they receive (again depending on the region) payment. In Siberia, this is plus/minus 600 rubles)) This is free blood donation. For the money, in addition to this amount there is also a monetary reward, I think it’s about the same.

(In Moscow, remunerations reach 4000 or more, I’m talking about an ordinary Russian woman).

• HOW EVERYTHING HAPPENS
• for the first time , as well as all subsequent times, you need to get a good night's sleep, have a healthy breakfast and take your passport with you.

Having put on shoe covers (and during any pandemic, also gloves and a mask), you go to the registration desk. There, all the necessary data is taken from you to register in the database, you fill out a bunch of papers and then get ready to donate blood from your finger for analysis.

All subsequent manipulations are the same for those who come for the first time and for those who donate blood for the first time.

1. After filling out questionnaires about health status, past injuries, surgeries, alcohol intake in the last 48 hours, tattoos, dental treatment, travel abroad, menstrual frequency and the possibility of fainting

• (there are many more points), you wipe the sweat from your forehead and start filling out the next questionnaires))))
• In short, a pile of papers!
• FINGER BLOOD DONATION AND HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL

Then it’s time to donate blood from your finger. This is necessary to conduct a rapid test for hemoglobin levels, the presence of HIV and other diseases. This is a free analysis and you can already stay in the black because you will learn about your health for free!

I’ll say right away that this is the most unpleasant moment for me! The fact is that in our blood transfusion station they still make a puncture with a special sharp object, similar to the edge of a knife (disposable scarifier), although throughout the civilized world of erectus, the finger for drawing blood is pierced with less painful and traumatic lancets (such a flask with a button, which hurts like a mosquito bite).

This moment of piercing a finger is the most unpleasant for me, because it is done carelessly, like a pig, and with such an antediluvian device! Even inserting a needle into a vein is less painful.

Afterwards, your card is issued with the “hemoglobin level” column filled in. For women it should be above 120, for men - above 130.

THERAPIST'S OFFICE

Next, you are invited to be examined by a therapist.

In the office, the doctor examines you, measures your temperature, weight, blood pressure, asks a number of questions, visually examines you so that the person is not drunk, not clouded, and generally fresh and alert.

For women, the date of their last menstruation is specified (at least five days must have passed since the end of menstruation) and they are given the go-ahead to donate blood, or rejected (banned for a certain time or forever).

THE BLOOD COLLECTION ITSELF

Here's the most interesting thing.

The first time you will be sent for an initial blood draw, for which you are entitled to compensation for lunch and a day off (as well as for all subsequent ones), the only difference is that this blood does not count towards the total count of your donations and will not be used to help any to a person and will be sent for research. For 6 months, even if you still have time to donate blood a couple of times (most often you won’t), your blood will be stored and examined, because some diseases can only be detected after six months!

So, YOU GO INTO THE HALL, SIT IN A COMFORTABLE RECLINING CHAIR, and they carefully connect you to a blood sampling system.

IT DOES NOT HURT!!!!!

If desired, a soft expander is given to your hand and you need to squeeze it slowly but forcefully. Personally, I don’t have any feelings, well, maybe it’s just a pleasant feeling that I’m saving someone’s life))) You can donate 450 ml of blood at a time. I don’t feel any changes and just sit for these 5-10 minutes while I give away a part of myself, on the phone, or look at those sitting around, as well as my shoe covers)))

I donate blood quickly; there are those who spend about half an hour in the chair. Everything is individual.

FEAR OF BLOOD

If you are afraid of the sight of blood or do not consider yourself as healthy as a horse, it is better not to undertake such a feat for humanity)))

I have seen more than once how people feel bad. It looks like this: after passing or right in the process, a person turns pale like a sheet of paper and loses consciousness. I think it's more of a psychological factor.

Afraid of the sight of blood!!! But it could also be that the person came on an empty stomach, was thirsty, lacked water in the body, was nervous, did not get enough sleep...

All these factors can cause poor condition and disqualification from donating blood in the future. No need to take such risks!

HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL

After donating blood, the donor's hemoglobin level drops slightly. This is normal and can be replenished with good nutrition. The donor's diet should include meat and offal, bananas, vegetables and plenty of drink. Some people advise drinking red wine, but it’s better not to get too carried away and definitely not drink two days before donating blood!

There are those who seriously lose hemoglobin. That is, its level drops critically and then it can only be restored with medication, giving up donations forever! Sometimes this moment does not come immediately, but after a year or two of constant blood donations.

What happens to the body after donating blood?

On average, the adult human body contains about 5 liters of blood. That is, after 1 procedure, the donor loses almost 10% of its original composition. In addition, in the case of donating whole material, the amount of heme in his body decreases by almost 225-250 ml. Experts call heme a combination of ferrous iron and porphyrin. These substances form the core of hemoglobin and are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. That is, after donating blood, oxygen metabolism in the donor’s body worsens. How dangerous is it? If the loss of heme does not exceed 250 ml, then the body copes with this quite easily, activating its own compensatory mechanisms.

In the aorta and carotid artery there are special baroreceptors that record the pressure inside the vessels. When the volume of blood in the vascular system decreases, they transmit special impulses to the heart and lungs, causing them to work more actively.

After the donation procedure, the body more actively produces antidiuretic hormone, which is responsible for the regulation of fluid in the body. Thanks to its activity, the blood vessels narrow slightly and the pressure in them is restored. When a person loses a certain amount of blood, a surge of another hormone is observed in his body - erythropoietin, which activates the formation of red blood cells. Thus, a chain of mechanisms is launched in the human body to quickly restore losses.

Is it useful to donate blood?

Experts confirm the positive impact of donation on the body. In some countries, donation is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle, along with physical exercise and proper nutrition.

Benefits of blood donation

According to studies conducted in Finland and the USA, people who regularly donate blood are significantly less susceptible to atherosclerosis and heart attacks. Also, according to the observations of foreign researchers, blood donors live 5-8 years longer than the average person.

Donating a significant amount of blood is a kind of training for the body. In the event of a car accident or other incident involving significant blood loss, the donor has a greater chance of survival.

The donor's blood is tested for various infections (for example, HIV, hepatitis and syphilis) and indicators such as hemoglobin, white blood cells, red blood cells, etc. The blood is quarantined for six months, after which infectious diseases that were not previously identified may also be detected. Therefore, those who donate on a regular basis do not have to worry about their health.

Immediately after blood is taken, the body begins to restore it. The bone marrow begins to produce new red blood cells - erythrocytes. These are the cells that deliver oxygen to all organs. In addition, stem cells are formed in the bone marrow, from which the tissues of our body are formed. Thus, blood donation renews the entire human body.

And finally, donating blood is useful because the donor feels joy from the good deed done, because thanks to it, someone’s life may be saved.

Donation safety

Donating blood today is a completely safe procedure. Blood transfusion stations use disposable medical systems (needle, tubes and bag), which are sterile and are opened in front of the donor. Therefore, contrary to fears, a person has no chance of becoming infected with anything.

The loss of blood experienced by the donor also does not pose any threat. Usually about 450 ml of blood is taken at a time, which is no more than 10% of its total volume. Almost immediately after this procedure, a person can get up, drink a cup of tea and go home. Within a day or two, the amount of blood in the donor’s body will be replenished.

Requirements and contraindications

An applicant for blood donation must be healthy; the acceptable age is from 18 to 60 years. It is recommended that men donate blood no more than once every two months, and women - once every three months. You will not be able to become a donor if you weigh less than 50 kg.

A person who has recently had the flu or an acute respiratory infection will be able to donate blood only after a month, and after undergoing surgery - no earlier than six months. Those who have had viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases (there are more than forty of them) are excluded from donation. Medical institutions need only high-quality blood, so it is extremely important that the donor does not have any health problems.

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Donation: benefits for the body

As a rule, donor blood is needed:

• patients with multiple severe burns;
• patients with large blood loss during an accident, injury, surgery, childbirth;
• pregnant women with severe toxicosis;
• persons with severe anemia;
• patients with hematological or purulent-septic diseases;
• people with severe bleeding, etc.

In such cases, the donor's blood can save the recipient's life. But, as they say, there is another side to the coin: are there any advantages from donating blood for the donor himself.

Even in ancient times, folk healers used bloodletting to treat various diseases. Although in fact in many cases this procedure was inappropriate and did not in any way affect the course of the disease, the body can still receive certain benefits from small blood losses.

1. Reducing oxidative stress.

Experts who studied the effects of donating blood on the donor's body found that this procedure helps reduce the amount of iron in the body, and with it, a decrease in oxidative stress. It turned out that after the loss of a certain amount of blood in the body, the amount of an enzyme with a complex name - superoxide dismutase - increases. This substance inhibits the activity or even destroys reactive oxygen species, which have a detrimental effect on humans. And since oxidative stress is considered one of the causes of malignant cell degeneration, this fact allowed scientists to look at donation as a means of preventing various types of cancer. Based on the results of a study that lasted almost 5 years, American scientists suggested that for the prevention of cancer, including the liver, throat, lungs and intestines, it is useful to be a donor twice a year.

1. Reduces the risk of heart disease.

By observing donors, scientists concluded that donating blood helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Statistics say that donors are almost 80% less likely to suffer from cardiac disorders than other people.

Firstly, donation helps lower blood pressure. Secondly, it is known that one of the factors causing cardiac disorders is increased blood viscosity (the so-called “thick blood”). In such people, circulation in the vessels is disrupted, the risk of blood clots and arterial blockage increases, which can cause sudden death. But as it turns out, regular blood donation reduces its viscosity, which reduces the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Proponents of this theory claim that the beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system will be noticeable if you undergo the procedure at least once a year.

1. Prevents autoimmune diseases.

Donation helps reduce the amount of proteins in the body that are responsible for inflammatory reactions. When these proteins accumulate excessively, there is a risk of damage to cell membranes and the development of processes leading to autoimmune diseases. Excess of these proteins can cause cancer, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases, and accelerated aging. Donation can protect against all this.

1. Promotes weight loss.

According to scientists from the University of San Diego (USA), during the donation procedure a person loses more than 650 calories. That is, regular blood donations can be useful for overweight people. But at the same time, frequent blood donations may be contraindicated for people with normal or underweight weight.

Why donors live longer and donating blood improves health

Every donor wondered: “Is it useful to donate blood? What are the pros and cons of blood donation? If your plans include an active life and taking care of your health, in this material we explain how donating blood can only help with this.

Body check

First of all, the donor must undergo a free medical examination before donating blood , and this is a check of your health.

After it, you will know everything about the state of your health - whether you have viral diseases, whether your hemoglobin level is normal.

But don’t forget that before donating blood it is important to eat right, get enough sleep and lead a healthy lifestyle. This is the key to good health after donation.

Checklist: getting ready to donate blood

Blood loss is not scary

Another benefit of donation is that you develop immunity to minor blood losses that occur during operations, injuries, wounds and severe burns.

Donation helps the blood renew itself faster and the body gets used to a quick recovery. Losing 500 ml of blood is considered harmless.

Director of the Donor Fund Dmitry Katsuba emphasizes that a donor has a better chance of surviving an accident than a person unprepared for blood loss:

“Donating blood really has many advantages, starting from constant monitoring of your body; if you donate blood, then it can be used to determine your diseases at an early stage.

As for blood renewal, it is also useful because the body will be prepared for such stress.

In the sense that if two people have an accident and one is a regular donor, both will lose a lot of blood after the accident and the donor has a better chance of surviving, because the body is ready for blood loss,” he noted.

Unloading the body

Yes, the body unloads itself on its own, but donation helps facilitate this process. During blood donation, excess blood, breakdown products of old cells, microbes and infections are removed. Thanks to this, the division of particles capable of destroying bacteria occurs.

Healthy heart

Excess blood and its components gradually puts more strain on the blood vessels and heart. The donor avoids it due to regular donations, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks.

Improved immune system

This argument in favor of donation concerns diseases caused by metabolic disorders. These include: gout, atherosclerosis, dysfunction of the pancreas, stomach and liver. Donors' metabolism improves and these diseases are prevented.

Removing excess iron

Bloodletting is necessary for people with hemochromatosis, a rare genetic disease in which the excretion of excess iron is impaired. It becomes physically easier for such donors.

Life extension

Danish scientists conducted a study and found that regular donors live longer than a person who does not donate blood regularly.

Morten Friedenberg, Associate Professor at the Department of Biostatistics at Aarhus University, considers this logical, since the donor should always monitor his health and undergo regular examinations.

Regular donations help the body renew itself, and this prevents diseases of the internal organs.

Therefore, donating blood is not harmful - on the contrary, it is your path to a long and healthy life.

To be sure that everything is fine with your health, you need to systematically undergo medical examinations, take tests and monitor their results. However, it can be difficult to remember every test you take. To solve this problem and help you track the dynamics of your health indicators, there is an application called Ornament.

It itself recognizes all the numbers from the analysis photo, saves your certificates, shows how your sugar level, hemoglobin level and 1,537 other biomarkers change from analysis to analysis - and all this in one simple application. Just upload your certificates to Ornament , and your health will always be at your fingertips.

Maria Andreeva

Cover: Ivan Khanzhin

Can donation cause harm?

If a person does not have serious health problems, then a one-time blood donation will not cause harm to him. According to experts, negative side effects of donation occur in only 2 people out of 100. The most common side effect is fainting. After the procedure, a person may lose consciousness due to the resulting drop in blood pressure.

The question of whether regular donation can be harmful or dangerous is a concern for most people who donate blood. Moreover, in our time, experts have refuted the theory that this procedure helps renew the blood. On the contrary, you can often hear that regular donation causes addiction in a person, although it has already been proven that this is a myth. Of course, there are certain risks with such a procedure, although much of what donation actually poses is often greatly exaggerated.

1. Anemia.

Uncontrolled blood donation is always a risk of developing iron deficiency, as well as a lack of other components, without sufficient quantities of which anemia develops. This danger can be prevented if you eat a balanced diet before and after the procedure, and also do not become a donor too often.

1. Capillary permeability worsens.

Regular bloodletting worsens the permeability of the capillaries that supply blood to the pulmonary alveoli. The researchers made this assumption after observing donors with many years of experience.

1. Increases the risk of neoplasms.

Although this theory does not yet have scientific confirmation, some groups of scientists are still confident that frequent blood donations activate the process of proliferation in the body. This term refers to a condition in which cells actively multiply by dividing, thereby causing tissue growth. When a person donates red blood cells regularly, new red blood cells are more actively formed due to proliferation. But, according to scientists, donating blood activates the accelerated growth of not only red blood cells, but also malignant cells (if any) in organs involved in hematopoiesis. And this is the red bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen.

The harms and benefits of donating blood

There is no clear answer to the question of what are the harms and benefits of donating blood.
Therefore, adhere to the rule that everything is good in moderation. Of course, you do not need to donate blood on days when you are sick or feel unwell. It is also not recommended to donate blood more often than once every 60 days, and plasma - more often than once every 2 weeks. In general, you can donate blood 3-5 times a year, and plasma 6-12 times. The rest of the time the body should have the opportunity to recover. Any person over 18 years of age who is in good health and physically able to donate blood without harming their own body can become a donor. The standard amount of blood that can be taken from a healthy person without affecting his well-being and physiological functions is 450 ml.

Before donating blood, you will be thoroughly examined by a doctor who will confirm that the process is safe for the donor. In general, humans are evolutionarily adapted to blood donation, although previously this was encountered only during injuries and therapeutic bloodletting. In addition, bloodletting in moderate doses has a very positive effect on the human body and makes it healthier.

Benefits of donating blood:

*decrease in the amount of iron contained in the blood.

* prevention of the condition of the body, it becomes more resistant to blood loss in possible accidents, injuries, burns, severe operations and other cases.

* prolongation of the body's youth due to stimulation of hematopoiesis, as well as promoting self-renewal of the human body.

* prevention of various cardiovascular diseases.

*prevention of diseases of the immune system, as well as various disorders of the digestive system, liver, and pancreas.

* prevention of atherosclerosis.

*removing excess blood and substances contained in it from the body.

* blood pressure correction.

*for women before menopause, donating blood prolongs youth.

* receiving moral satisfaction from doing a good deed.

* the donor has the right to the benefit of receiving two days off from work (one on the day of blood donation, and the second on any other day).

* honorary donors, that is, those who have donated blood 40 times or plasma 60 times, are entitled to a monthly allowance, as well as some other benefits.

When donating blood, the hematopoietic system (red bone marrow cells) is activated and immune defense improves. Those organs that are involved in the process of removing dead red blood cells from the body are “unloaded,” namely the spleen and liver.

Recent data from American and Finnish scientists indicate that with periodic blood donation, the overall risk of developing coronary artery disease, thrombosis and atherosclerosis decreases tenfold.

Male donors are much less susceptible to heart attacks, they suffer fewer heart attacks, and their blood cholesterol levels are kept low.

Interesting fact: if a woman donates plasma before planning a pregnancy, the baby will be a girl, and if a man donates plasma, it will be a boy.

Donors who regularly donate blood are the healthiest people on the planet; according to WHO, they live 5 years longer than the average person.

Don’t be afraid to donate blood, because the donor’s blood is necessarily checked for infections before donation. If any infections are detected in the blood, the donor is offered a course of free examinations, as well as treatment if necessary. Also, the editors of the website www.rasteniya-lecarstvennie.ru and I want to assure readers that

harm from donating blood

cannot be applied to the donor during the collection process itself, because all systems for this have long been disposable.
After treatment, the donor does not have the right to donate blood for another 6 months. But even after quarantine, blood will need to be tested again, as new infections may be detected.

And remember that your blood can save someone's life. Maybe to your acquaintance, friend, and maybe to you. After all, no one is safe from misfortune.

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How to properly prepare for donating blood

To minimize the risk of side effects from donation, it is necessary to properly prepare for the procedure in advance. The day before, the donor needs to avoid heavy physical activity and also have a good rest (in this regard, good sleep is very important).

You should absolutely not donate blood on an empty stomach. For breakfast, it is useful to choose foods rich in carbohydrates, including sweet tea and high-calorie dessert. But there are some restrictions regarding food. 24 hours before the delivery of the material and immediately before the procedure, it is prohibited to consume the following products:

• eggs;
• meat;
• cottage cheese;
• milk;
• nuts;
• sausages and smoked meats;
• chocolate;
• bananas;
• dates;
• vegetable and butter;
• fast food.

To avoid dizziness, after donation you need to lie down or sit for at least 15 minutes. During this time, blood pressure will have time to level out. After the procedure, you should not exert yourself physically and visit the bathhouse. You need to drink a lot of water throughout the day. This helps to quickly restore fluid reserves in the body. The diet on this day should be balanced and high in calories.

Absolute contraindications to donation:

• oncological diseases;
• radiation sickness;
• infectious diseases;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• presence of parasites;
• diseases of the digestive tract;
• disorders of the kidneys or liver;
• bronchial asthma;
• skin diseases;
• blindness and other eye diseases;
• osteomyelitis;
• recent surgery.

Time restrictions for donation:

• age under 18 years and after 60 years;
• body weight below 50 kg;
• pregnancy (within 12 months after birth);
• breastfeeding (3 months after completion);
• tooth extraction (10 days);
• taking antibiotics (14 days);
• vaccination (up to 12 months);
• drinking alcohol (48 hours);
• visits to Africa, Asia, Central or South America (3 years);
• recent tattoo, piercing (within 1 year);
• undergoing acupuncture procedure (within 1 year).

Pros and cons of blood donation for the body

The collection of blood, other biological fluids and cells is an invasive procedure with its positive and negative aspects.

Transfusiologists highlight the advantages of donation:

1. Regular blood draws promote a healthy lifestyle. Individuals who donate their biological fluids on a regular basis are subject to a number of mandatory requirements. Before the procedure, the donor is examined by a doctor and performs laboratory tests. And if health abnormalities are detected, blood sampling will be refused.
2. Increased lifespan - regular blood loss stimulates the functioning of internal organs and systems. According to medical statistics, donors live 5 years longer than their peers.
3. Prevention of bleeding, since the body is already trained to cope with extensive blood loss.
4. Material compensation, since the donation of biological material is not always a donation. Additional days off and vacation days are provided, as well as the opportunity to obtain the status of an honorary donor with the ensuing benefits.

Statistically, blood donors live longer

The procedure can cause harm to the human body. It is not associated with the fact of blood loss, but with a violation of the rules for collecting material. But donated blood is a sought-after and valuable substance, and medical personnel usually strictly adhere to instructions.

Disadvantages of regularly donating blood:

• invasive technique;
• patient infection due to poor hygiene and sample collection rules.

Donate biological fluids and cells only in specialized medical institutions. Currently, direct transfusion from donor to recipient is not practiced.

Is it useful to donate blood?

At blood transfusion stations, the main contingent of donors are representatives of the stronger half of humanity. Is it useful to donate blood to women and how does taking biological fluid affect men?

Women

The donation procedure helps prevent the following pathologies:

• atherosclerosis;
• formation of blood clots and emboli;
• vascular ischemia, other pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
• diseases of the liver and pancreas.

Donation helps reduce the chances of blood clots

In the fair sex, regular blood sampling helps improve the compensatory mechanisms of hemostasis. This is the prevention of breakthrough uterine bleeding, difficult childbirth with massive blood loss.

For men

Representatives of the stronger half of humanity are less likely to adhere to dietary nutrition. Therefore, elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood are a sad result of consuming fatty, fried, and alcoholic drinks.

Donating blood helps reduce blood cholesterol

Regular donation of biological fluid helps reduce cholesterol levels in the body, which helps prevent heart attacks and strokes. A healthy lifestyle that a potential donor should lead will guarantee the absence of pancreatitis and cirrhosis in the future.

Rules for donating blood

Becoming a donor is difficult, as candidates are presented with a number of requirements. Without their implementation, the procedure for collecting biological fluid is not carried out.

Conditions for applicants regardless of gender:

1. Blood draws can be carried out from the age of 18 years.
2. Be a citizen or have a residence permit. Be sure to have a passport and other identification documents with you.
3. Body weight is more than 50 kg, in exceptional cases the minimum weight may be 47 kg.
4. To be healthy.

In addition, active donors are subject to individual requirements. This includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular medical examinations.

Additional documentation:

• a certificate from the place of residence about diseases suffered during the last 6 months;
• once a year – results of general clinical tests, fluorography, ECG;
• once a quarter - a certificate of absence of episodes of viral hepatitis A;
• once every 6 months - a certificate of absence of hepatitis B and C;
• for each donation - a certificate of absence of contact with infectious diseases;
• for women - the results of a gynecological examination at the time of contacting the basic medical institution of the Blood Service. During menstruation, sampling is not carried out.

The frequency of sampling depends on the portion of blood withdrawn during 1 episode and by gender. Females are allowed to donate plasma and blood components - platelets and red blood cells - no more than 4 times a year. For the male half of society - no more than 5 times a year.

Important! The interval between whole blood samples must be at least 60 days. For plasma and platelets - the minimum time period is 2 weeks, but no more than 10 episodes of plasma collection and no more than 20 platelet collections.

The interval between collection of red blood cells is from 2 to 4 months from the last donation at the discretion of the transfusiologist.

Preparation for the procedure

Before the donation procedure, you should follow recommendations on nutrition and general preparation for the removal of biological fluid.

Memo to the donor:

1. You should feel good. Chills, headaches, any malaise are a reason to refuse donation.
2. There is no special diet. But the day before blood sampling, it is forbidden to eat smoked, fried and heavy foods. In addition, you should not eat bananas, milk, nuts, butter and eggs. Alcohol is prohibited for 72 hours before blood collection.
3. Be sure to eat a light but hearty breakfast - porridge, cookies, apple, sweet tea.
4. On the day of collection, you must not be drunk, under the influence of drugs, or take medications that thin the blood.
5. Do not smoke before donation.

You should eat well before the procedure

How donors donate blood

The procedure for donating biological material is prescribed in WHO protocols and internal documents of the blood transfusion station.

The donation process is as follows:

1. Registration of the candidate in the registry of a medical institution.
2. Examination by a general practitioner. Passing a rapid test for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, general indicators - group, Rh factor, number of platelets, red blood cells. In case of anemia, biological fluids are not collected.
3. Snack with tea and a bun.
4. The procedure is performed while lying down or sitting. The elbow bend is treated with an antiseptic. During manipulation, only disposable instruments are used. The norm at a time is no more than 450 ml of blood. It flows into a sealed bag. The duration of the procedure is 10 minutes.
5. A sterile pressure bandage is applied to the elbow.
6. The donor receives a certificate of blood collection and food stamps.

Blood collection is carried out in a lying or sitting position

Next, the biological material is processed according to internal instructions. If blood components are collected, 2 hands are involved, since only platelets, red blood cells or plasma are removed. Other components are returned to the donor.

How to recover after donating blood

During the collection of biological fluid, the hemoglobin level decreases. Therefore, after the procedure, slight weakness and dizziness may be present.

Recommendations for behavior after passing:

1. Do not smoke for several hours.
2. Do not drink alcohol during the day.
3. Do not remove the bandage for 4 hours.
4. After the manipulation, rest for 15 minutes. Drink tea, have a snack.
5. During the day, do not perform any labor feats and forget about the gym.
6. Eat well and stay hydrated for 48 hours.

After donating blood, you should not drink alcohol for 24 hours.

You are allowed to use a car immediately after the procedure. But if you feel weak or dizzy, then do not rush to get behind the wheel.

Contraindications to blood donation

There are absolute and relative contraindications to donating blood and its components.

Fencing is prohibited in the following cases:

• HIV;
• hepatitis;
• venereal diseases;
• helminthic infestations;
• the presence of malignant tumors;
• alcoholism;
• taking drugs even as replacement therapy or course treatment;
• diseases of any system - cardiovascular, urinary, liver, respiratory, vision;
• mental illness;
• radiation sickness;
• condition after surgery.

• 

• You cannot donate blood if you have the hepatitis virus in your body.
• If there are relative contraindications, donation is permitted, but only if a number of conditions are met.
• These include:

1. Surgical interventions of any nature, termination of pregnancy - no earlier than after 6 months.
2. With a tattoo - no earlier than 1 year after the drawing was applied.
3. A business trip to European countries, the USA - no earlier than six months later.
4. Stay in Asia, Africa – after 3 years.
5. For colds - no earlier than 1 month.
6. Pregnant women are allowed to donate blood only 1 year after giving birth.

Myths about donation

You may become infected with some disease during the procedure.

This is actually an absurd assumption. In any clinic, disposable sterile systems are used for blood collection. They must be packaged in a sealed container and opened immediately before the procedure in the presence of the donor. This is the main guarantee of safety for the donor.

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Donation takes a long time

If a person submits complete material, then the whole procedure takes no more than 10-15 minutes. More time will be required if only individual components need to be extracted from the donor blood.

It hurts

The only painful aspect of the procedure is puncturing the skin and puncturing the vein on the inside of the elbow. In terms of pain intensity, these sensations are compared to a pinch. Otherwise, the procedure is not painful.

Smokers cannot be donors

Smokers can donate blood, but they will have to abstain from the habit for at least 24 hours before the procedure and for another 1 hour after it.

Is it useful to be a donor (donate blood)?

Alexandra

According to foreign researchers, donors are ten times less likely to suffer heart attacks. Regular blood donation keeps cholesterol levels low.

Scandinavian scientists who studied the lives of more than one million donors in Denmark and Sweden for 35 years found that in equal age categories, the overall mortality rate of people who regularly donate blood is 30% lower than the average in these countries.

Blood donation is useful for the prevention of all “storage diseases” - atherosclerosis, gout, digestive disorders, pancreas, liver, and basal metabolism. And for the prevention of diseases of the immune system, blood donations are useful: after all, this is also associated with the renewal of the body. In scientifically proven doses, bloodletting has a stimulating effect.

In a critical situation with large blood loss, a donor has a better chance of survival than a person who has never donated blood. Our ancestors lived in the wild, were often injured and lost some blood. The life of a modern person from this point of view is safer: he is not attacked by saber-toothed tigers, he does not have to climb rocks and climb tall trees. But nature “from memory” gives him blood in reserve. The body’s nonspecific reaction to the loss of itself is a kind of training in case of possible blood loss. The body “remembers” what needs to be done and is able to quickly navigate a critical situation.

Probably, there is no need to say much about the benefits of medical examination - you must agree that people usually do not pay preventive visits to doctors every 2-3 months. The donor undergoes an examination at each visit (and quickly and free of charge).

I also consider increased self-esteem and emotional uplift from doing a good deed to be a health benefit.

Mon amour est avec vous

It’s useful to donate because blood is in circulation all the time and you need to donate a little bit at a time so that it changes to something fresh, so to speak, and, as mentioned above, this is helping people)

Alexei

...the other day I spoke with a doctor from a blood transfusion station about the benefits of donating blood. Firstly, none of us have yet lived to be 60 years old after modern blood donations using machines; we have not seen and no one has given us an example that a person who regularly donates blood repels old age, smoothing out wrinkles on the face. People suffer from heart attacks after 45 - the current donor is young - even I haven’t reached 44. After donating blood on the machine - restoring health and normal blood - it takes 9 months - running blood in an accelerated mode in 40 minutes in the amount of 1700 mg and taking 650 with plasmapheresis is a big stress for the body, and many of us give up for money after 14 days. All reference publications do not say that the plasmapheresis procedure in the amount of 450 mg can be administered after 7 days; generally, 14 days are indicated. The only pride is that I can give in and help people, while others cannot. Unfortunately, I have not seen in our country a donor who became an honorary donor (after the war period, during the war, for 1 blood donation, all people were subsequently awarded this title) and lived, well, at least until the age of 65. This is the average age in Russia. With respect to everyone - an honorary donor of Russia.... and has so far donated blood 133 times.

Contraindications for the procedure

When planning to join the ranks of donors, you should remember that donation has a number of contraindications.

Doctors say that the donation procedure is beneficial for the human body if there are no certain contraindications for its implementation.

First of all, it is necessary to observe the medically recommended intervals between procedures.

Additionally, there is the following list of conditions under which you cannot donate blood:

1. A person must have no contraindications related to his state of health.
2. There must be no infectious, invasive or other diseases.
3. You should take into account the person’s well-being, body parameters, temperature, pressure and some others.
4. There should be no tattoos or piercings on the person's body.
5. You should not submit biomaterial immediately after returning from abroad.

It is not recommended to abuse donation. Frequent donation of plasma does not allow the body to restore its full volume, which will negatively affect a person’s well-being in the future.

It should be remembered that there are a number of diseases for which bloodletting is contraindicated.

In addition, it is necessary to separately consider the suitability of women planning to give birth to a child to donate biomaterial.

Neglect of these rules can harm human health.