Prevention of heart disease - recommendations for men and women

From the article you will learn the specifics of using heart medications, indications and contraindications for prescribing medications, and side effects.

Heart medications are selected individually for each patient. The choice of medication depends on the severity of the pathology, age and individual physiological characteristics of the person, the presence or absence of concomitant somatic diseases.

Indications for use

Medicines from different groups help with:

• atherosclerotic disease;
• cardiac ischemia;
• heart failure;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• atrioventricular block;
• cardiomyopathy;
• myocardial hypertrophy;
• arterial hypertension;
• thrombosis or thrombophlebitis;
• heart defects;
• pulmonary heart;
• rehabilitation after a heart attack or stroke;
• pastiness;
• dysfunction of the heart muscle.

Medicines to increase blood pressure

There are many medications available to treat low blood pressure. They consist of active components that gradually increase blood pressure. It is important not to self-medicate, as this may worsen the current condition. It is worth consulting your doctor. The specialist will conduct the necessary diagnostic examinations and, based on them, select treatment for hypotension.

Common drugs that raise blood pressure:

• "Rantarine." A natural medicine for normalizing blood pressure, which has a tonic effect on the central nervous system. A high-quality composition helps to gradually increase blood pressure, improves well-being and increases performance. Before taking it, you should read the instructions, because the medicine has a number of contraindications. Among them are hypertension, kidney diseases, thrombophlebitis, heart disease (aneurysm, arrhythmia, angina), acute infections, atherosclerosis. Tolerability is usually good, but some patients experience side effects such as nausea. It disappears immediately after discontinuation of the drug;

• "Saparal". The medicine has a tonic effect. It is prescribed not only for hypotension, but also for depressive conditions. The active components in the composition help to slowly increase blood pressure and relieve and eliminate unpleasant symptoms. The drug is often prescribed for preventive purposes. Tolerability is good, there are usually no side effects. There are contraindications, including arterial hypertension, heart disease, increased excitability and epilepsy. During pregnancy and lactation, the medicine should be used with caution;
• "Citramon". The drug is common and is often taken to relieve headaches. It helps the outflow of venous blood, which helps stabilize vascular tone and normalize blood pressure. The medicine also relieves inflammation and pain. Contraindications: bronchial asthma, duodenal and gastric ulcers, gout, abdominal bleeding, kidney and liver dysfunction, intolerance to the drug.
• Drugs from the group of herbal adaptogens will help increase body tone and blood pressure during arterial hypotension. These include tinctures of Eleutherococcus, Chinese magnolia vine, Rhodiola rosea, ginseng, and Leuzea.

List of cardiac drugs and their characteristics

Heart and vascular diseases occupy leading positions among all causes of death on the planet. To strengthen the heart, maintain the human cardiovascular system, and eliminate negative symptoms, a number of medications from different pharmacological groups have been developed and are constantly being updated. Medicines treat many heart problems.

For the treatment of hypertension

High blood pressure is corrected by cardiac medications that effectively lower blood pressure and protect target organs (heart, brain, kidneys, blood vessels) from damage. There are only 5 groups of such drugs.

ACE inhibitors

ACE blockers act at the level of the glomeruli of the kidneys, controlling the synthesis of a special substance - angiotensin, which can increase blood pressure due to vascular spasm. Due to the effect of drugs on the lumen of blood vessels, the load on the myocardium is reduced. Cardiovascular drugs of the ACE inhibitor group restore capillary walls, improve metabolic processes in the myocardium, inhibit the growth of atherosclerotic plaques, the formation of blood clots, improve renal blood flow, and normalize the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.

ACE inhibitors are the most reliable means for preventing stroke or heart attack in hypertensive patients. The most popular tablets are Captopril (35 rubles), Enalapril (10 rubles), Ramipril (93 rubles), Perindopril (104 rubles).

Today, ACE inhibitors are considered the most useful heart pills for hypertension. These include:

What pills normalize high blood pressure in hypertension?

Groups of medicines

There are many drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Medicines that normalize blood pressure are divided into several functional groups:

1. diuretics: remove excess water, relieve swelling, reduce pressure on blood vessels, so the patient’s condition improves with hypertension;
2. adrenergic blockers: drugs of this group block receptors in blood vessels, lower the heart rate, dilate blood vessels, this action leads to normalization of indicators;
3. calcium antagonists: reduce the concentration of calcium, relax the walls of blood vessels, can cause unpleasant side reactions such as weakness, swelling, dizziness, disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, rapid heartbeat, hyperemia;
4. ACE inhibitors: for more than 30 years, angiotensin-converting enzyme drugs have been used to normalize blood pressure in hypertension; they prevent the enzyme angiotensin 1 from being converted into angiotensin 2, which constricts blood vessels, which leads to vasodilation and a decrease in arterial values;
5. sartans: new generation drugs that normalize blood pressure, which act on the principle of ACE inhibitors; it is enough to take 1 tablet in the morning to normalize the levels for the whole day;
6. hybrids: combined drugs that normalize blood pressure, which include substances from different therapeutic groups; they work faster and have a pronounced hypotensive effect.

Groups of drugs for the treatment of hypertension

Lists of drugs

Beta blockers

Beta blockers are taken for a month. Then you need to take a break and select a drug from a different pharmacological group. Tablets for normalizing blood pressure and pulse. For long-term use, the doctor selects mild-acting adrenergic blockers Betaxolol, Metoprolol, Nebivolol.

Common beta blockers:

• Anaprilin;
• Acebutolol;
• Betaxolol;
• Bisoprolol;
• Carvedilol;
• Coriol;
• Metoprolol;
• Nebivolol;
• Egilok.

Alpha blockers

Alpha blockers include:

• Alfuzosin;
• Doxazosin;
• Prazosin;
• Urapidil;
• Phentolamine;
• Ebrantil.

Calcium antagonists

Calcium channel blockers are prescribed in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Calcium antagonists increase physical activity, improve general well-being, and reduce calcium production. Drugs in this group are recommended for elderly patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and angina.

Calcium antagonists are recommended for elderly patients

Popular calcium antagonists:

• Amlodipine;
• Verapamil;
• Isoptin;
• Cordafen;
• Corinfar;
• Nimotop;
• Nifedipine;
• Phenigidine;
• Cinnarizine.

Diuretics

Diuretics lower blood pressure by removing excess water and relieving tissue swelling. Not all diuretic tablets have a hypotensive effect.

Popular drugs in this group:

• Hydrochlorothiazide;
• Hypothiazide;
• Torasemide;
• Uregit;
• Furosemide.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

The drugs block the production of angiotensin 2, which increases blood pressure and constricts blood vessels. Thanks to this, the vessels dilate and the indicators decrease. The tablets quickly normalize blood pressure.

Popular ACE inhibitors:

• Benazepril;
• Captopril;
• Lisinopril;
• Perindopril;
• Ramipril;
• Spirapril;
• Enalapril.

Sartans

Sartans act gently, gradually reducing blood counts. Tablets that normalize high blood pressure must be taken for a month to achieve a therapeutic effect.

Popular sartans:

• Valsartan;
• Irbesartan;
• Candesartan;
• Losartan;
• Olmesartan;
• Telmisartan.

Homeopathic remedies

Alternative ways to treat hypertension are with homeopathic medicines. These are preparations based on plant and animal components.

Homeopathic medicines - remedies with unproven effectiveness

Popular homeopathic remedies:

• Aconite;
• Acidum aceticum;
• Baryta Carbonica.

Contraindications

When treating cardiac pathology with drugs of different groups, absolute and relative contraindications to their use are distinguished. A general absolute limitation to the use of drugs is individual intolerance to the components of the drug and intoxication with drugs.

General relative contraindications are:

• hypotension;
• extrasystole;
• heart blockades of varying severity;
• hypokalemia;
• paroxysms;
• mitral stenosis.

What medications should I take to prevent heart disease?

The answer to this question should be given by a cardiologist. Cardiovascular pathologies is a general name that refers to all diseases of the circulatory system. This group is very extensive and includes the following:

1. Structural and functional damage to the myocardium caused by impaired coronary circulation (heart attack, angina).
2. Heart failure.
3. Inflammatory heart diseases of infectious origin (myocarditis, endocarditis).
4. Congenital defects in the structure of the heart.

Drug therapy and prevention include different groups of drugs. What medications to prescribe for heart prevention depends on the patient’s condition and the type of cardiac pathology:

• beta-blockers are usually prescribed for angina pectoris, tachycardia;
• ACE inhibitors – heart failure;
• calcium antagonists – atrial fibrillation;
• nitrates – angina pectoris;
• anticoagulants – prevention of heart attack;
• cardiac glycosides - heart failure.

For severe forms of cardiac pathologies, several types of drugs of different groups are prescribed.

First aid drugs for the heart from a home medicine cabinet

The cardiovascular system is the most important (along with the respiratory) for the life of the body. Acute circulatory failure and heart failure without timely, appropriate medical care lead to death. Therefore, today standards have been developed for the provision of care for diseases of the heart and blood vessels in different conditions, with different pathologies. Algorithms for administering drugs to support the heart are simple and thought out to the smallest detail.

However, every patient with heart disease and his relatives should understand that if unpleasant sensations just begin to appear behind the sternum, which are accompanied by the fact that the heart seems to be stabbing, and there is no effect from nitrate-containing drugs within 15 minutes, this is a reason to call an ambulance. Suspicion of AMI or stroke can be removed only after an ECG diagnosis. If the situation is serious, hospitalization in a hospital is necessary.

Emergency medications at home are presented in the table:

After the arrival of doctors, you need to report injections made, pills taken, and allergies to medications in order to avoid overdose or poisoning.

How are hypertension and hypotension characterized?

Tablets to normalize blood pressure are necessary for both high and low levels. Only a doctor can decide which medicine to prescribe, once the results of a comprehensive examination are known and a diagnosis has been made.

Manifestations of hypertension

Hypertension is defined as persistent, elevated blood pressure. Symptoms are constantly disturbing, or appear periodically, but often, depending on the stage of development of the disease.

If the pathology takes a chronic course, this leads to disruptions in the functioning of the heart muscle and vascular system.

The main manifestations of hypertension include the following symptoms:

• constant headaches in the back of the head or temples;
• pain in the chest area, aching in nature;
• sudden, severe sweating;
• noise in ears;
• feeling of lack of air, shortness of breath;
• swelling of the face and limbs;
• general weakness;
• sensation of pulsation in the temples with rapid heartbeat.

In order for the doctor to prescribe the correct treatment, in addition to examination, it is necessary to tell about all the symptoms accompanying high blood pressure.

Manifestations of hypotension

With hypotension, lower levels are persistently maintained. The discomfort is manifested by the following symptoms:

• apathetic, depressed state;
• daily, persistent fatigue;
• feeling of lack of air;
• difficulty falling asleep, which leads to disruptions in daily routine;
• numbness and feeling of coldness in the extremities;
• painful muscle sensations;
• problems with remembering information;
• nausea;
• deterioration of health due to changes in the atmosphere.

Low blood pressure can be a symptom of pathology, or diagnosed as an independent disease. Serious complications can be avoided by taking medications prescribed to normalize blood pressure.

Preventive agents

The effectiveness and timeliness of therapy provided is extremely important, since it correlates with the risk of death. But the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system also plays an important role in a person’s life.

Preventive measures save from heart attack, stroke, other cardiogenic disasters, and pulmonary embolism. Preventive medications include:

• statins (Pitavastatin - 450 rubles, Crestor - 1,401 rubles, Rozulip - 464 rubles - representatives of the latest, 4th generation) and fibrates (Clofibrate - 1,040 rubles, Fenofibrate - 343 rubles, Gemfibrozil - 1,670 rubles);
• antianginal medications (Papaverine - 9 rubles, Validol - 20 rubles, Riboxin - 34 rubles);
• antihypertensive drugs (Renitek - 60 rubles, Norvasc - 265 rubles, Amlodipine - 39 rubles);
• metabolic drugs (Berlition 300 – 519 rubles, Karnilev – 850 rubles, Coenzyme Q10 – 529 rubles);
• vitamin and mineral complexes (DoppelHertz-active - 640 rubles, Supradin - 342 rubles, Vitrum - 399 rubles).

Regular use of cardiovascular drugs reduces the risk of mortality and guarantees active longevity while maintaining quality of life.

Purpose and measures of secondary prevention of cardiac pathologies

This direction involves reducing cardiac risks in patients with an existing diagnosis. Secondary prevention of CVD is based on taking into account the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events over the next 10 years. Measures applied:

• non-drug correction (nutrition, physical education);
• maintenance drug therapy;
• timely treatment of existing cardiovascular diseases.

Secondary prevention measures are selected by the doctor taking into account current chronic and acute pathologies.

Medicines that thin the blood, lower cholesterol, and strengthen blood vessels are prescribed.

When selecting a drug program, the effect of medications on the patient’s quality and life expectancy is taken into account. Medicines to prevent heart disease:

• statins – Simvastatin, Mertenil, Atomax, Liptonorm;
• fibrates – Bezamidin, Miscleron, Gevilon, Atromidine;
• antithrombic agents/anticoagulants – Heparin, Aspirin, Fragmin, Klivarin;
• beta blockers - Tenzol, Anaprilin, Pindolol, Coronal, Acekor;
• ACE inhibitors – Enalapril, Lisinopril, Captopril, Ramipril;
• potassium and magnesium preparations - Panangin, Asparkam, Doppelhertz Active.

Literature

1. Britov, A.N. The place of imidazoline receptor agonists in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension Text. / A.N. Britov, O.A. Orlova // Russian Journal of Cardiology. - 2006.
2. Volkov, BC Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Text. / V.S. Volkov, S.A. Rokkina, O.B. Poselyugina // Clinical medicine, - 2006.
3. Gogin, E.E. Microcirculation in coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension Text. / HER. Gogin // Therapeutic archive.-2006.
4. European Society of Hypertension European Society Cardiology Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension // J Hypertens. - 2003.
5. Ovsyannikov KV, Gurfmkel YI Features of microcirculation in patient with arterial hypertension (by computerized capillaroscopy of nailfold) // Journal of Hypertension.- 2001.

Lyudmila Zhavoronkova

Higher medical education. 30 years of working experience in practical medicine. More about the author

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Garlic

Numerous scientific studies have shown that garlic and garlic extract can lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels and slightly increase HDL cholesterol levels. The results of a new study confirmed these data. Taking garlic extract (1.2 grams 3 times a day for 2 weeks) significantly reduces the degree of oxidation of “bad” LDL cholesterol, that is, it affects one of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of vascular pathology. In addition, garlic has antioxidant properties, especially aged garlic extract. Garlic extract is rich in organosulfur compounds, which are powerful antioxidants.

List of medications

The table shows pharmaceutical products for normalizing blood pressure:

Source: vsedavlenie.ru

Substances that are important for the heart and blood vessels

Each human organ is demanding for a certain set of elements that contribute to its full functioning. The following substances are most important for the heart:

Potassium – is responsible for the uninterrupted contraction of the heart muscle;

· magnesium – prevents the formation of blood clots;

· coenzyme Q10 – prevents the development of arrhythmia and premature aging of cells;

· phosphorus – part of the cell membranes of the myocardium, responsible for the integrity of the cells.

Vitamin C – strengthens blood vessels, keeps the heart muscles in good condition;

Vitamin E – has an antioxidant effect, prevents thrombosis;

Vitamin B12 – improves blood quality and reduces stress on the heart;

Vitamin A – prevents the formation of cholesterol deposits on blood vessels;

Vitamin F – strengthens the muscle fibers of the heart.

This is just a small list of substances beneficial to the heart, but without them the normal functioning of this organ is impossible.

How to choose the right complex

Based on the above list, you can already choose a good complex to maintain heart function. But such multicomponent drugs are not always needed. For example, to prevent malfunctions of the organ, it is enough to ensure the intake of potassium, magnesium and ascorbic acid into the body. They are also paramount in the development of tachycardia and arrhythmia.

For young people who do not have a history of heart disease, dietary supplements containing sources of natural vitamins and minerals synthesized from fruits and medicinal herbs are suitable. For children, it is important to focus on a complex of vitamins, especially ascorbic acid, thiamine and phosphorus. In any case, it is important to choose the most natural product possible, free from synthetic chemicals, dyes and preservatives.

List of medications

The table shows pharmaceutical products for normalizing blood pressure:

Source: vsedavlenie.ru